语法专题动词todo不定式.docx
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语法专题动词todo不定式
动词不定式
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
不定式作以下成分：
Ⅰ作主语
1.Toseeistobelieve.
2.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincethey
separatedmorethan40yearsago．
3.Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge．
（1）由it作形式主语，而将不定式放到后面。
如：
Itisreallyachallengetofinishthattaskinsuchashorttime.
（2）It'sforsbtodo.和It'sofsbtodo.
Ⅱ作宾语
（1）Vt.+todo:
只能跟动词不定式的动词:
affordagree，aim，appear，ask，believe，claim，
decide,demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，want，wish,,
Shepretendedtobereadingwhenhermothercamein.
（2）疑问代（副）词+todo：
Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.
（3）6123结构
Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
Ⅲ做表语
（1）放在be动词后面，形成表语。
例如:
Toseeistobelieve.
（2）主语是以ambition，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，
wish等名词为中心的短语,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：
Hisambitionistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．
（3）主语是一个由what引导的从句时，用作表语的不定式说明what的具体内容
WhatIwantistogototheparktomorrow.
Ⅳ作定语
不定式作定语相当于一个定语从句，它修饰以下几类名词：
⑴由动词转化而来的名词attempt，claim，decision，plan，promise，
intention，need，resolution，tendency，wish，failure，threat,,
Anotherattempttoclimbthemountainwillbemadenextmonth.
Inhisspeechheexpressedhisdeterminationtoachievethegoal.
⑵修饰抽象名词：
ability
，reason，right
，time
，chance
，way，anxiety
，
patience，willingness，ambition，effort
Theabilitytoleadateamismoreandmoreimportant.
⑶修饰代词
something，
anything
，
everything
，
nothing.
不定式做后置
定语。
Doyouhaveanythingtosend?
Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?
⑷序数词或最高级only，last，next，后常用不定式作定语。
Jimistheonlystudenttoanswerthequestioncorrectlyinhisclass.
Youarethelasttoundertakethebloodtest.
（5）表“将来实现”
Themeetingtotakeplaceisveryimportantforthecompany.
Ⅴ作状语
（1）目的
todo,onlytodo（仅仅为了）,inordertodo,soastodo,soasto，
enoughto，tooto
Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别。
（2）结果，表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果HehurriedtoschoolonlytofinditwasSunday.
（3）原因
Shewepttoseethesight.
不带to的不定式：
（1）感官动词，
使役动词have，let，make
1.Ioftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard．
2.Imusthavehimseehisownmistakes．但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，
（2）hadbetter，wouldrather，may／mightaswel，ratherthan，cannotbutShecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.
（3）在but，except后，有“do”无“too”
1.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm．
2.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining．
（4）“不得不”：
cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebut，cannotbut
donothingbut，havenothingtodobut
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
（5）whynot
Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'tunderstandthemeaning?
不定式的时态语态：
时态
主动
被动
一般式
Todo
Tobedone
完成式
Tohavedone
Tohavebeendone
进行式
Tobedoing
完成进行式
Tohavebeendoing
1.Shefeelsrelaxedtohavefinishedwritingherthesisbeforethedeadline．
2.TheVikingsarebelievedtohavediscoveredAmerica．
3.Whenyoucalledmelastnight,Ihappenedtobeworkingonthecomputer．
4.Thesnowwassupposedtohavebeenblownoffthemountain．
总结有关todo的句式
一、Ittakessb.sometime（money）todosth.
二.It’stimetodoth.s
三.主语＋be（not）+adj.+enoughtodosth.
I’mtallenoughtoreachthetopofthetree.
四.sb.+beready+todosth.
Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
五.It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.
It’sdangerousforchildrentoplayfootballinthestreet.
It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.
六.主+wouldlike/lovetodosth.喜欢（想做某事）
七.hadbetterdosth.（最好做）
It’sverycoldoutside,you’dbetterputonyourcoat.
You’dbetternotspeakwhenyourmouthisfulloffood.
八.Whydon’tyouV=Why+not＋V
Thisbookisabithard,whynotreadsomethingeasier?
It’swarmhere,whydon’tyoutakeoffyourcoat?
九.prefertodoratherthando
十.It’sone’sturntodosth.
十一.主语＋be＋形容词＋todosth
不定式专项练习
1.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.
A.producing
B.toproduce
C.havingproducedD.produced
2.
Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.
A.notmaking
B.notmake
C.nottomakeD.nortomake
3.
Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhear
B.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheard
D.tomakeherselfheard
4.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearing
C.tohear
D.tohaveheard
5.
Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only___thefilmstarshadleft.
A.totell
B.tobetoldC.telling
D.told
6.
Youweresillynot___yourcar.
A.tolock
B.tohavelocked
C.locking
D.havinglocked
7.
Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmake
C.notmaking
D.nottomake
8.
Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatall
thesoldiershadbeenordered_____clear
warningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissue
B.beingissued
C.tohaveissued
D.tobeissued
9.I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwithsomeoneelse.
A.toshare
B.tohaveshared
C.share
D.sharing
10.
Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.
A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed
11.
Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.
A.beingdestroyed
B.havingbeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyed
D.tohavebeendestroyed
12.
Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.
A.totakeplace
B.tobetakenplace
C.tohavetakenplace
D.beingtakenplace
13.
Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.
A.andfinished
B.tofinish
C.andfinishing
D.tofinished
14.
Iamsorry______writtenyoualetteratthetime.
A.tohavenot
B.tonothave
C.nottohave
D.nothaving
15.
Willyoulendhimamagazine____?
A.toberead
B.forreading
C.toread
D.heread
16.
Hecoulddonothingbut_______forthebus_________.
A.wait,tocome
B.wait;come
C.waiting;coming
D.waited;came
17.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneed________rightnow.
A.tosolve
B.solving
C.beingsolved
D.tobesolving
18.There’samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans
_______trouble.
A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade
19.Iremember_______him_______thebikeneeded__________.
A.hearing,saying,torepair
B.tohear,say,torepair
C.hearing,say,repairing
D.tohear,saying,toberepaired
20.
-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.
-Imeant___,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn
’tfindheranywhere.
A.todo
B.to
C.doing
D.doingso
21.
Robertissaidto_____abroad,butIdon
’tknowwhatdcountryin.hestudie
A.tohavestudied
B.tostudy
B.tobestudying
D.tohavebeenstudying
22.
I’mgongtoXi
’annextweek.Haveyouanything__________toyourparents?
A.totake
B.tobetaken
C.tobeboughtto
D.tobuy
23.whenarethey_____intheirplan?
A.hand
B.handed
C.tohand
D.give
24.
Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_____________.
A.havesurvived
B.aretosurvive
C.wouldsurvived
D.willsurvive
25.
Whenwehurriedtothestation,therehappened____nobusatthattime.
A.tohave
B.tobe
C.having
D.being
26.
Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,____mattersworse,itbegantorain.
A.made
B.havingmade
C.making
D.tomake
27.At___timedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusy____agoodrest.
A.no,totake
B.no,takingC.any,totake
D.one,taking
28.
--Areyouastudent?
--No,butIused_____.
A.tobe
B.towas
C.todo
D.tobea
29.
Istoppedtolisten,andmysonseemed_____himself____inthelivingroom.
A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shutting
C.tobeenjoying,shutD.tohaveenjoyed,havingshut
30.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
31.We’releavingatsixo’clock,andhope_____mostofthejourneybylunchtime
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemade
32.Thestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier_________.
A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understand
33.Whowillyouget____theprojectforus?
A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designing
34.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow__________.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith
C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
35.Wearenotallowed______outdoorswithsomeotherchildren.
A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplaying
36.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas____tocarryallthewayhome.
A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch
37.Shefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearole_____inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.
A.tohavepla
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