语法专题动词todo不定式.docx

1、语法专题动词todo不定式动词不定式动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。不定式作以下成分： 作主语1. To see is to believe.2.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since theyseparated more than 40 years ago3.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge（1）由 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放到后面。如：It is really a ch

2、allenge to finish that task in such a short time.(2)Its for sbto do.和 Its of sb to do. 作宾语(1)Vt.+to do:只能跟动词不定式的动词 : afford agree， aim， appear， ask， believe，claim，decide, demand， desire， determine， expect， fail ， happen， hesitate， hope，intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， r

3、efuse，seek， want， wish,She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.（2）疑问代 (副)词+to do：He does not know when to start.(3) 6 1 2 3 结构She considers it necessary to make friends with him. 做表语（1）放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如 :To see is to believe.（2）主语是以 ambition，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，th

4、ing，wish 等名词为中心的短语 ,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：His ambition is to study abroad in the near future(3)主语是一个由 what 引导的从句时， 用作表语的不定式说明 what 的具体内容What I want is to go to the park tomorrow. 作定语不定式作定语相当于一个定语从句，它修饰以下几类名词：由动词转化而来的名词 attempt ， claim ， decision ， plan ， promise ，intention ， need ，resolution ，tendency ， w

5、ish ， failure ， threat ,Another attempt to climb the mountain will be made next month.In his speech he expressed his determination to achieve the goal.修饰抽象名词： ability，reason ，right，time，chance，way，anxiety，patience ， willingness ， ambition ，effortThe ability to lead a team is more and more important.

6、修饰代词something ，anything，everything，nothing.不定式做后置定语。Do you have anything to send?Do you have anything to be sent?序数词或最高级 only ， last ， next ，后常用不定式作定语。 Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class.You are the last to undertake the blood test.(5)表 “将来实现”The meeting to take pl

7、ace is very important for the company. 作状语（1）目的to do , only to do（仅仅为了） , in order to do, so as to do ,so as to ， enough to ， too toI come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。（2）结果，表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果 He hurried to school only to find it was Sunday.(3）原因She wept to see the sight.不带 to 的不定式 ：（1）

8、感官动词，使役动词 have，let， make1.I often heard him say that he would study hard2.I must have him see his own mistakes但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，（2) had better，would rather，maymight as wel，rather than，can not but She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.（3)在 but，except 后，有“ do”无“ too”1.He will do anything ex

9、cept work on the farm2.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining（4）“不得不”：can not help but，can not choose but，can not butdo nothing but，have nothing to do butI can not but admire his courage.（5）why notWhy not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?不定式的时态语态：时态主动被动一般式To doTo be

10、 done完成式To have doneTo have been done进行式To be doing完成进行式To have been doing1.She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline2.The Vikings are believed to have discovered America3.When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer4.The snow was supposed t

11、o have been blown off the mountain总结有关 to do 的句式一、 It takes sb. some time （money）to do sth.二. It s time to doth. s三. 主语 be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth.I m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.四. sb. +be ready + to do sth.He is always ready to help others.五. It s +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.It

12、s dangerous for childrentoplay football in the street.It s very kind of you to help me.六. 主+would like / love to do sth. 喜欢（ 想做某事）七. had better do sth. （ 最好做 ）It s very cold outside, you d better put on your coat.Youd better not speak when yourmouth is full of food.八. Why don t youV=Why+ not VThis b

13、ook is a bit hard, why not read something easier?It s warm here, why don t you take off your coat?九. prefer to dorather than do十. It s one s turn to do sth.十一 . 主语 be形容词 to do sth不定式专项练习1.This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producingB. to p

14、roduceC. having produced D. produced2.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not makingB. not makeC .not to make D. nor to make3.Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music .A .making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD .to make herse

15、lf heard4.I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearingC .to hearD .to have heard5.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be told C .tellingD .told6.You were silly not _your car.

16、A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked7.The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .don t makeB. not makeC. not makingD .not to make8.An army spokesman stressed that allthe soldiers had been ordered _clearwarnings before firing any shots.A .to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to be

17、issued9.I d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing10.The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed11.A number of

18、 paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed12.The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken placeD. being taken place13.As a result of my laziness,

19、I failed _ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14.I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having15.Will you lend him a magazine _?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16.He could do nothing but _for

20、 the bus _.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18.There s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_ trouble.A. making B. to make C. to have made

21、 D. having made19. I remember _him _the bike needed _.A. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repairingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20.- You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to doB. toC. do

22、ingD. doing so21.Robert is said to _ abroad, but I don t know whatd countryin. he studieA. to have studiedB. to studyB. to be studyingD. to have been studying22.I m gong to Xi an next week. Have you anything _ to your parents?A. to takeB. to be takenC. to be bought toD. to buy23. when are they _ in

23、their plan?A. handB. handedC. to handD. give24.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survivedD. will survive25.When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time.A. to haveB. to beC. havingD. being26.I lost my w

24、ay in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. madeB. having madeC. makingD. to make27.At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest.A. no, to takeB. no, taking C. any, to takeD. one, taking28.-Are you a student?-No, but I use

25、d _.A. to beB. to wasC. to doD. to be a29.I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut30.With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard t

26、ime.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled31. We re leaving at six o clock, and hope _ most of the journey by lunch timeA. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _.A. understood B. to be understood C. to underst

27、and D. understand33. Who will you get _ the project for us?A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know _.A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it35. We are not allowed _ outdoors

28、with some other children.A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much37.She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in.A. to have pla