英语语言学考试十套题docx.docx

英语语言学考试十套题docx.docx

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英语语言学考试十套题docx

英语语言学试题

（1）

11Chomskydefines”competence”astheidealuser'skoftherulesofhislanguage.

12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.

13>Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed・

14>Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

15^Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.

16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto

something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.

17>Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose・Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc.

18^WhereverthestandardIanguagecanuseacontraction（he+is—he's）.BlackEnglishcandtheformof“be：

19>Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

20>Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereferenee,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.

I

（）21>Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.

（）22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth

ChineseandEnglish・

（）23>Thecompoundword”bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.This

indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeanings

ofitscomponents.

（）24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences（S）andclauses（C）only.

（）25>DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.

（）26^OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise・

（）27>TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanIanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.

（）28^Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.

（）29>AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife・

（）30^AllnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstIanguage.

11・Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwtoforma

completestatement,orcommand.

12lnsociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs_g.

13.Utteraneeisbasedon;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasenteneeina

realsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.

14.Tomanypeopleslinguististhesameasa,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently・

15.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervorv_,whileallvowelsoundsarev.

16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.（）

17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.（）

19.Thepartofasenteneewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalled

predicate.（）

20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.（）

21・Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.（）

22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。

（）

23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.（）

24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.（）

25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics』）

3O.namingtheoryandconceptualistview

31・maximsofqualityandmanner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocalspeech

35.contrastiveanalysis

英语语言学试题（3）

11・Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.ThedescriptionofaIanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_sstudyofIanguage.

12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeets

withany_owhenasoundisproduced・

13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoform

wordsarecalled_bmorphemes・

14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNPntheboywholikeshispuppy”consistsofDet,Nand

S,withDetbeingthe_s,NtheheadandSthecomplement.

15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryactsjtosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor11

shouldfallintothecategoryof_d・

16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismore

generalinmeaningiscalled_s.

17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_arule,which,forthemostpart,iscaused

byarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.

18.0nemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurreneeof_swordsandexpressions,whichmake

senseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithinagivensocialgroup・

19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h,oneontherightandoneonthe

left.

20.LinguistsoftenusethetermnativeIanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstIanguage,and_t

Ianguageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.

21・（）Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e・weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofaIanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted・

22.（）Ageneraldiffereneebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionof

speechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.

23.（）Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

24.（）Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrules

thatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.

25.（）Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,“female”occursonlyin

nounssuchas”mother”,HwomarT”girl””tigress”andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech・

26.（）AccordingtoSearlefsclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingand

apologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.

27.（）Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;

thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative・Thus"peddle”wasderivedfrom"peddler”onthemistaken

assumptionthattheM-erHwastheagentivesuffix.

28.（）WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocial

significaneeofcertainlinguisticvariables.

29.（）ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthattheIanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecritical

periodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.

30.（）Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediate

guidaneeforactualperformance・

英语语言学试题（5）

11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasstudy.

12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyare

collectivelyknownasi.

13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,aaredividedintotwokinds:

prefixesandsuffixes.

14.Preferstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings・

15.Whetherasenteneeissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalledsrestrictions・

16.Theumeaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.

17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesina

genealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathas

ceasedtoexist.

18.Rarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.

19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage・Thisisknownas

Ianguaget.

20.Arelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessof

adaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda.

21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic・（）

22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby"copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thus

makingthetwophonessimilar.（）

23.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsof

itscomponents.（）

24.Syntacticmovementisdicta怕dbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,whoseoperationmay

changethesyntacticrepresentationofasentenee.（）

25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.（）

26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextof

Ianguageusewasleftunconsidered.（）

27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishIanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOld

English,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.（）

28.WhenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesameIanguagefordifferentpurposes,sociolinguisticsituations

knownasdiglossiaandbilingualismemerge.（）

29.LinguisticlateralizationintermsofrighthemisphericdominanceforIanguageisfoundtoexistinan

overwhelmingmajorityofhumanbeings.（）

30.Inordertoidentifytheareasoflearningdifficulty,aninterlingualcontrastiveprocedureContrastiveAnalysis

wasdeveloped・（）

英语语言学试题（6）

11.If