英语语言学考试十套题docx.docx

1、英语语言学考试十套题docx英语语言学试题（1）11 Chomsky defines ”competence” as the ideal users k of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in comm on, i.e, they are all b .13 M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are

2、 formed 14 As is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15 Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、 The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomethings b

3、eing the case, to the truth of what has been said.17 Words are created outright to fit some purpose Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18 Wherever the standard Ianguage can use a contraction (he+ishes). Black English can d the form of “be：19 The basic essentials of the fir

4、st language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20 As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereferenee, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and l

5、earning and communicative strategies of the learner.I()21 In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English()23 The compound word

6、”bookstore” is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25 Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as Britis

7、h English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.()26 Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise()27 The t

8、erritory in which the Indo-European Ianguages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28 In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.()29 According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers

9、perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life()30 All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first Ian guage.11 A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w to form acomplete statement, or comma nd.12ln sociolinguistic studies,speaker

10、s are treated as members of s_g .13.Uttera nee is based on ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sente nee in areal situati on of comm un icati on,or simply in a con text.14.To many peoples linguist is the same as a ,one who can speak several languages fluently15. Consonant sounds can

11、be either v or v_,while all vowel sounds are v .16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )19.The part of a sente nee which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically calledpredi

12、cate.( )20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )21 The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 mor

13、phemes.( )24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics )3O.naming theory and conceptualist view31 maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contrastive analysis英语语言学试题(3)11 Language exists in time and changes t

14、hrough time. The description of a Ianguage at some point of time is called a _s study of Ianguage.12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meetswith any _o when a sound is produced13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must

15、 be combined with other morphemes to formwords are called _b morphemes14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP nthe boy who likes his puppy” consists of Det,N andS,with Det being the _s ,N the head and S the complement.15.According to Searles classification of illocutio nary actsjto sug

16、gest that some one should see the doctor11should fall into the category of _d 16.Hyp onymy is the relati on ship which obtai ns between specific and gen eral lexical items.The word that is moregeneral in meaning is called _s .17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a rule,which

17、,for the most part, is causedby articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one ano ther.18.0ne mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrenee of _s words and expressions, which makesense only to the people of particular social group

18、s and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h , one on the right and one on theleft.20.Li nguists ofte n use the term n ative Ian guage or mother tongue in stead of first Ian guage, and _t Ian guag

19、e in stead of sec ond language in sec ond language acquisiti on literature.21 ( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a Ianguage system are genetically transmitted22.( )A general d iff ere nee between phon etics a

20、nd phono logy is that phon etics is focused on the producti on ofspeech sounds while phono logy is more concer ned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical it

21、ems, but by following a set of syntactic rulesthat arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, “female” occurs only innouns such as ”mother”, HwomarT ”girl” ”tigress” and so on but not in other parts of speech26.(

22、)According to Searlefs classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising andapologizing all fall into the category of directives.27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word;that is, ignorance sometimes can b

23、e creative Thus peddle” was derived from peddler” on the mistakenassumption that the M-erH was the agentive suffix.28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the socialsignificanee of certain linguistic variables.29.( )The case of Genie con firms th

24、at the Ian guage faculty of an average human dege nerates after the criticalperiod and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediateguidanee for actual performance英语语言学试题(5)11.The desc

25、ription of a language at some point in time is a s study.12.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they arecollectively known as i .13.According to its position in the new word, a are divided into two kin ds: prefixes and suffixes.14.P refers

26、to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings15.Whether a sente nee is sema ntically meaningful is gover ned by rules called s restrictions 16.The u meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.17.Some important missions of historical linguists a

27、re to identify and classify families of related languages in agenealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p , the original form of a language family that hasceased to exist.18.R are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.19.Learners will subconsciously use their

28、L1 knowledge in learning a second language This is known asIan guage t .20.A related issue with in teg rati ve motivatio n has been the extent to which learners differ in the process ofadapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is called a .21.Modern linguistics is main

29、ly diachronic( )22.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thusmaking the two phones similar.( )23.Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the meanings ofits components.( )24.Syntactic mov

30、eme nt is dicta 怕 d by rules traditi on ally called tran sformati onal rules, whose operati on maychange the syn tactic represe ntation of a sente nee.( )25.Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning.( )26.Linguists found that it would be possible to gi

31、ve an adequate descripti on of meani ng even if the con text ofIanguage use was left unconsidered.( )27.It is generally accepted that the history of the English Ianguage is divided into the periods of OldEnglish, Middle English and Modern English.( )28.Whe n people of a comm unity speak the same Ian

32、 guage for different purposes, socioli nguistic situatio nsknown as diglossia and bilingualism emerge.( )29.Linguistic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for Ianguage is found to exist in anoverwhelming majority of human beings.( )30.In order to identify the areas of learning difficulty, an interlingual contrastive procedure Contrastive Analysiswas developed( )英语语言学试题(6)11.If