大学英语Book2 Unit 2.docx
《大学英语Book2 Unit 2.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语Book2 Unit 2.docx（31页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
大学英语Book2Unit2
SectionA
Thehumanities:
Outofdate?
Backgroundinformation
1thehumanities
Thehumanitiesareagroupofacademicdisciplinesthatstudythehumancondition,usingmethodsthatareprimarilyanalytical,critical,orspeculative.Thehumanities,calledsocialsciences,includehistory,anthropology,communicationstudies,culturalstudies,law,language,literature,philosophy,religion,musicandtheater,etc.
Throughexplorationofthehumanities,studentslearnhowtothinkcreativelyandcritically,toreason,andtoaskquestions.Becausetheseskillsallowstudentstogainnewinsightsintoeverythingfrompoetryandpaintingstobusinessmodelsandpolitics,humanisticsubjectshavebeenattheheartofaliberalartseducation.Today,humanisticknowledgecontinuestoprovidetheidealfoundationforexploringandunderstandingthehumanexperience.However,withtheeconomicdowntrend,manycollegesanduniversitiesintendtocutliberalartscoursestosavemoney,andstudentsalsotrytotakenaturalsciencecoursestohelpthemseekjobopportunities.Whetherornotstudyingcoursesinthehumanitieshasthusbecomeacontroversialquestion.
2self-awareness
Self-awarenessisn’taqualitythatyoudemonstratebytellingastory,butratherithastodowithhowyoutellthestoryandyourabilitytocommunicatewhatyoulearned.Beingabletoexplaintotheadmissionscommitteewhyyouvalueoneaccomplishmentaboveothers,whatyoulearnedfromasetback,orthedeepermeaningofyourcareergoals,isevidenceofself-awareness.Furthermore,theself-awareindividualhasknowledgeofbothhisstrengthsandweaknesses.
3JamesCameron
World-famousdirectorofthemovie,Titanic.Thefilmreceived14AcademyAwardnominationsandwasawarded11Oscars（奥斯卡奖）.
4SallyRide
AnAmericanphysicistandformerNASA（m美国国家航空航天局）astronaut.In1983,atage32,shebecamethefirstAmericanwomanandthenyoungestAmericantoenterspace.
5BruceLee
AChinese-Americanactor,martialartsinstructor,philosopher,filmdirector,filmproducer,andscreenwriter.Hewasconsideredthemostinfluentialmartialartistandaculturalicon.BorninSanFrancisco,hewasraisedinHongKonguntilhislateteens.HemovedbacktotheUnitedStatesat18andstudiedphilosophyatWashingtonUniversity.
6GwynethPaltrow
AnAmericanactressandsinger.ShegainedworldwiderecognitionthroughherperformanceinShakesperarinLove（1998）,forwhichshewonanAcademyAwardforBestActress.
7ReneeZellweger
AnAmericanactressandproducer.ShereceivedtwonominationsfortheAcademyAwardforBestActressandwontheAcademyAwardforBestSupportingActress.
8MattDamon
AnAmericanactorandscreenwriter.HeandhisfriendBenAffleckwontheAcademyAwardforBestOriginalScreenplayandtheGoldenGlobeAward（金球奖）forBestScreenplayfortheirwork—GoodWillHunting（1997）.HealsogotmultipleBestActornominations.
9HaroldVarmus
AnAmericanNobelPrize-winningscientistandthe14thandcurrentDirectoroftheNationalCancerInstitute.Hewasaco-recipientofthe1989NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirworkontheoriginsofcancer.
10MichaelEisner
AnAmericanbusinessman.HewasthechiefexecutiveofficerofTheWaltDisneyCompanyfrom1984until2005.
Detailedstudyofthetext
1whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Whenconditionsorsituationsbecomedifficult,determinedpeoplechoosetostudythesubjectofaccounting,hopingtheycanmoreeasilyfindajobinthefuture.
whenthegoinggetstough:
whenthesituationbecomesdifficult当形势变得严峻时
Whenthegoinggetstough,womencangetastoughasmen.当形势变得严峻时，女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。
NOTEAmorecommonsayinginthesimilarstrctureis”Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetgoing“.thisisaninformalexpressionandanoldmottomeaning”Whenthesituationbecomesdifficult,strongpeopletakethenecessaryactiontodealwithit（艰难之路唯勇者行）”.Nowpeopleoftencreativeusethemotto,byonlyquotingthefirstpart”Whenthegoinggetstough…”.Theauthorisverywittytouse”takeaccounting”heretobehumorousandsarcastic.
accounting:
n.[U]theworkifaccountingorthemethodstheyuse会计；会计学
Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureirhistorybutaccounting.学生的主要目的是在经济上富裕。
因此，当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计。
takeaccounting:
choosetostudythesubjectofaccounting选择会计学
2Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycan’tmajorinEnglishorhistory（Para.1）
Meaning:
Whentherearefeweriobopenings,manycollegestudentsmakeajudgmentfromthesituationandthinktheycan’tstudyEnglishorhistoryastheirmajor.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Manystudentswillnottaketheclassesthatwon’thelpthemlocateadecentjoblater.
calculate:
vt.
1）makeajudgmentaboutwhatislikelytohappenusingtheavailableinformation估计；预测；推测
It’sdifficulttocalculatethelong-termeffectsofthesechangesinthelaw.这些法律上的变化带来的长期影响是难以预测的。
2）findouthowmuchsth.willcost,howlongsth.willtake,etc.byusingnumbers计算，核算
Nowadaystheaccountantsinenterpriseusecomputerstocalculatethecostofproductionwithaccuracy.如今，企业财会人员利用电脑来计算准确的生产成本。
Majorin:
（AmE）studysth.asyourmainsubjectatcollegeoruniversity主修（某一）科目
Thehighdemandforpersonswithknowledgeaboutcomputersiswhychosetomajorincomputerscienceattheuniversity.对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。
3Theyhavestudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.（Para.1）
Meaning:
Theyhavetostudysomethingthatimprovestheirchancesofsuccessinfindingajob.
Boost:
vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促进；推动；使兴旺
Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。
Prospect：
n.sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibilityitself可能的事情；很可能发生的事情；前景
Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.科技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。
4Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,theyhavedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceand“hard”skillsthattheybetwillleadtoemployment.（Para.2）
Meaning:
Thefactsandinformationshowthatasstudentshavespentincreasinglymoremoneyontuition,theyhaveturnedawayfromthehumanitiestosomepracticalcoursesthattheybelievewillenablethemtogetajobmoreeasily.
Defect:
Vt.leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone背叛；叛逃
Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate1970s.他在20世纪70年代后期背叛了该党。
N．afaultinsb.orsth.缺点；欠缺；不足之处
Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。
Defectdeficiency
1在表示“人的缺点，设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷”时，名词defect和deficiency的词义相近。
Physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷
Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.这款新汽车因有机械缺陷，必须被撤出市场。
Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.这项计划的缺陷是很明显的，所以它不可能成功
2但表示“缺少，不足”（shortage）时，只可用deficiency
Thereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft符合要求的飞机数量严重不足
Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。
Applied：
a.usedfor
Describingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfortheirpracticaluses（学科）应用的，实用的
Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究，而不是应用研究。
Bet：
vt.befairlysurethatsth.istrue,thatsth.willhappen,ect.,althoughyoucan’tprovethis肯定
Ibetthetrainwillbelate.我敢打赌，列车会晚点
V.riskmoneyontheresultofarace,game,competitionorotherfutureevent下赌注；与……打赌
Ibetmylifethathewilltakemymoneyandlife.我敢用我的命打赌，他将拿着我的钱离开。
5Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbetterment.（Para.2）
Meaning:
Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreconsideredasamethodtoimprovestudents’futureeconomicstatusratherthanimprovehumannatureorbehavior.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thequalityofacollegeeducationisincreasinglyquestionablebecausethetrendamongmanycollegesistobecomemorelikeabusinessandlesslikeanacademicsetting.
6Thisistrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.
Meaning:
Verylikely,thetrendwillcontinuetoexistandevengofasterthanever.
Persist:
vt.
1）continuetoexist继续存在；持续
Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.如果恶劣天气持续，农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。
2）Continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit坚持；执意
Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力
Persistinsist
1persist可用来表示“继续存在；持续”，尤其用于不好的事情，而insist没有此意。
Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持续，请联系您的医生。
2persist和insist容易混淆主要是当两者均表示“坚持”时。
Persist用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持反复做同一件事”，后接介词In,多用于褒义，指“坚持继续做某事”，有时用于贬义，指“不听劝告；顽固坚持”。
Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.她的母亲劝她早点睡，但她坚持工作到凌晨。
Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身，他仍坚持饮酒。
Insist用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持做某件事（尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事）”，后接介词on。
SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.当我想泡个澡的时候，她还在那洗头。
3insist还可用于表示“对意见、主张等的坚持”。
Insist用于此意时，后可接介词On，也可以接that引导的从句（是否用虚拟语气，视情况而定，即看从句的内容是否为事实），而persist无此意。
Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。
Thedoctorinsistedthatshe（should）takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.医生坚持让她服此药，但她坚持自己没病。
Accelerate:
v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate（使）加快；促进
Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.人类活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。
7Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitiesw
升级会员 