北师语言学真题回忆版精编版.docx

北师语言学真题回忆版精编版.docx

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北师语言学真题回忆版精编版

2009年以前考试

04年语言学试卷

1.Definethefollowingterms:

20points

1） langue

2） parole

3） allophone

4） semanticfield

5） cohesion

2.TrytoidentifythepossibleparadigmaticrelationbetweenanyitemsinthefollowingpoembyLuXun10points

岂有豪情似旧时？

花开花落两由之。

何期泪洒江南雨，

又为斯民哭健儿！

3.Givesomelexicalitemstoillustratesocialdialects.Trytoexplaintheirconnotations.20points

4.WhatcanthisrulemeaninEnglishgrammar?

10points

{D}---[-id]/[t]---

5.Definethefollowingsoundsintermsofarticulatoryfeatures10points

6.TrytotellsomeofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesenominalconstructions.Supplysomeexamples.10points

7.Wecanusethepattern“itis……”toemphasizeanypartofasentenceexceptthepredicate.Whatcanwedoifwemustemphasizeit?

Pleasegiveexamplestohighlightyouremphasisofanypartofthissentence:

15points

Iboughtabookinthecityyesterday.

8.Trytodiscussasmanyaspossiblethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.15points

9.Observethefollowingsentences:

老王找到老张，才找到他的儿子。

老王找到老张，才找到他自己的儿子。

老王找到老张，才找到自己的儿子。

老王找到老张，才找到儿子。

Whichsentenceisclearinitsmeaning?

Whichoneisunclear?

Trytoexplainwhy.PointoutsomefeaturesoftheChineselanguage.10points

10.Discussthefollowing2sentences,andtellwhywecanassigndifferentvaluestotheyearoffifteen:

10pointsSheisalreadyfifteen,andyetsheiscryingoversuchasmallthing.

Shehasdoneitverywell;

Sheisonlyfifteen,youknow.

11.Whatcanlinguisticsdoforlanguagelearningandteaching?

（10points）

12.DeterminerPhrase（DP）isthenamenewlygiventotheNPingenerativegrammar.ADPcanbeaformlike  

1）abook;

2）thebook;

3）books;

4）thebook.  

ThisnamemaybebetterthantheoldnameofNPinthatitremindsusofsthwhenwe（Chinesespeakers）learnorteachEnglish.Doyouagreetothis?

Trytotellanythingsignificanthere.（10points）

09年语言学试题

1.definethefollowingphonemes.

2.解释下面的概念。

共6个，任选4个。

sememe；imageschema；endocentricconstruction；cohortmodel；displacementfunctionoflanguage；foregrounding.

3.最简单的一题。

题目给出几个关于lexicalchange的例子。

让你写出在语言学中这叫做什么现象。

teleprinter+exchange---------

WTO———WorldTradeOrganization---------

bird  youngbird—anykindofbird--------

stump  thepartofatreetrunkleftprotrudingfromtheground—tochallenge-------

temperature后面是这个词的音标注释，课本上有就是loss.phonologicalchange里面的

4.好像是从下面三个题目中选两个来解释一下

functionsofinflectionalmorphemeandderivationalmorpheme.

therelevancetheory

5.和第四题有点混。

都是解释给出的题目，从中选择几道。

还有一个关于blendingtheory的问题，具体是什么不记得了，这部分实在看不懂。

thestrongversionandweakversionofsapir-whorfhypothesis.

thesystemic-functionalgrammar

6.WhentheEnglishmeet,theysay'it'safineday',whilewechinesesay'haveyoueaten'.distinguishthedifferenceinfluencedbysociolinguisticfactors.andgivesomeothermoreexamplesplease.

7.whatislanguagetransfer?

whataretherolesplayedbylanguagetranfer?

8.whatarethecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence.describethreeofthem.usee.g.ifnecesary.

9.definethefollowingterms.

summaritiveassessmentandformativeassessment

thebottom-upandtop-downmodelsinteachingreading

10.howtodevelopprofessionalcompetenceoflanguageteachingforteachers.

10年语言学试卷

1.definethefollowingsound

/d/  /j/  /i/  /^/  /shi/

2.definethefollowingitem

acronym    converseantonym    cohesion

3.givethestructureofSYLLABLE

4.Whatistask-basedlanguageteaching?

givetwoexamplesoftasks

5.whatis"form-focused"instruction?

  whyistherearenewedcallsforit?

pareandmakeacontrastaboutthefollowingpairs

  cognitivevariablesvsaffectivevariables

  cognitivestrategies  vsmeta-cognitivestrategies

7.tellaboutthemainideaofChomsky's  transformationalgrammar

8.analysethefollowingdialogueandanswerthequestions

"whereisjohn?

"

"hiscarisinfrontofMary'shouse"

a.whatistheimplicatureinit?

b.namethefeaturesof  communicationimplicature,tellhowcanwecancelltheimplicatureintheabovedialogue

9.whatismulti-intelligence?

telltheimplicationitgivestothepracticalsecondlanguagelearningandteaching

10.somepeoplethinklearner'scompetenceofnativelanguageproficiencydeteminesorinfluencehisorhersecondlanguageloearning.doyouagree?

illustrateyourreasons

11.telltherelationshipbetweenSTEM,AFFIXandROOTwithexamples

12.whataredescriptiveandprescriptivemethodologyoflinguistics

13.whatisgrammarawareness?

howtoimprovetheabilityofit?

11年语言学试卷

1.definethefollowingterms（5*5=25points）

（1）displacementof  language

（2）Distinctivefeatureinphonology

（3）cognitivemetaphor

（4）foregroundtheoryinliterature

（5）PhraseStructureGrammerinTG

2.Compareandcontrastthefollowingpairsoftermsinthefieldoflanguagelearningandteaching（3*5=15points）.

（1）"top-down"processand"bottom-up"process；

（2）"extroversion"and"introversion";

（3）"contentvalidity"and"construstvalidity"intesting;

3.Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly（2*10=20points）

（1）WhatthemainideaofSapir-WhorfHypothesis?

Doyouagreeornot?

（2）Howdoyouunderstandthecohesionandcoherenceofatext?

4.WhatisAcculturationTheory?

Whatimplicationsdoesthistheoryhaveforthepraticeoflanguageteachingandlearning?

（10points）

5.Whatarecognitivevariables？

Inwhatwaysdocognitivevariablesfacilitateorconstrainlanguageacquistion?

（10points）

6.StatetheCooperativePrincipleandthefourmaximsputforwardbyGrice.whatdidSperberandWilisonaimtodevelopfromGriceintheRelevancetheory（15points）

7.ImagineyouhavejustobservedanEnglishlesson.whatcriteriawouldyouliketousetoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthelesson?

Listatleast5itemsandgiveyourreasons（10points）

8.IllustratewithexampleswhatFunctionalGrammarinsystemicFunctionalLinguisticis.（15points）

9.Somepeopleclaimthatalearner'scompetenceofhisnativelanguageproficiencywilldetermine,orinfluence,hisorhersecondlanguagelearning.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Giveyourreasonforargument.（15points）

10."Wantingtolearnismoreimportantthanhavingtolearn".Howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?

HowdoyouapplyitintheEnglishclass?

（15points）

12年语言学试卷

1.Whatisassimilation

velarization,nasalization，dentalization

2.Sixtypesofnounpluralityandlisttheminphonemicdescription（/z/,/s/,/iz/

3.The6propertiesofsentencesubject，citeexamples

4.Whatisreferentialtheory.Tellaboutitsdrawbacks

5.List5typesofimageschema,citeexamples.Explainwhyitisimportant

6.Waysofspeechandthoughtrepresentation

7.Linguisticcorpus,howitappliesin

（1）Speechresearch

（2）Lexicalresearch（3）semanticsresearch（4）sociologicalresearch（5）psychologicalresearch

8.WhataretheRelationalProcessofthetransitivityoftheSystemic-FunctionalGrammar

9.Explainandcommenton“wheninRomedoastheRomansdo","Putyourselfinothershoes","Oneculture'smeatisanotherculture'spoison"  

10.conversationalimplicatureonviolationofGricefourmaximsandciteexamples

pareandcontrast

（1）Extrinsicmotivationandintrinsicmotivation"

（2）Itemfacilityanditemdiscriminationintesting'（3）Quantitativeresearchandqualitativeresearch

12.Whatisportfolioassessment,howtodoaportfolioassessmentandwhatisitsimportance

13.Explaininterlanguagetheoryandwhatwecanlearnfromit.

14.Task-basedapproachinteachingandexplain

（1）taskdesign

（2）teachers'role（3）students'role

15.aboutwaysforcontinuedinvestigationbyteachers

13年语言学试卷

1.Definition（4'*5=20'）

Sapir-WhorfHypothesis，foregrounding，t-unit，curriculumdevelopment（orsyllabusdesign），contentvalidity

2.describephonesaccordingtomannerofarticulation（题目已给出具体分类）andplaceofarticulation（已给出具体分类），voiced/voiceless.12个音，共5分

3.functionsofderivationalandinflectionalmorphemes,giveexamples（10'）

4.cantheobjectsinthefollowingsentencesbecalledobjectsinrealsense?

（1）Johnhuntedatiger

（2）Johnbuiltahouse（3）Johnclimbedamountain（4）JohnlikesMary（5）Johnsmiledasadsmile（6）Johnplaystennis.

plementaryantonyms和converseantonyms

Alive:

deadhusband:

wifepresenrt:

absentbelove:

above

Befeore:

afterempolyer:

employeeseller:

buyer

6.whatisconstrualincognitivelinguistics?

howmanytypesofconstrualweusuallyhave?

explainandgiveexamples.（ATTENTION;JUDEJEMANT;PERSPECTIVE）10'

7.areperformativeandconstativeverbsproposedbyAustinfirstfinallyjudgedacceptableandunacceptable?

why

8.similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenBritishFunctionalAnthropologyrepesentedbyMalinowskiandAmerianAnthropologyrepresentedbyBoasandSapir.

monalitiesanddifferencesbetweeninterpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunctionandphaticcommunion

10.whatissamplinginobservationalclass?

giveexamplestoillustrate

11.Halliday'sviewinthelanguagedevelopmentismeaningpotential（大概是这样）whatisyourunderstandingofthisview?

whatistheimplicationsforsecondlanguagelearningandteaching?

12.StephenKrashen'sInputHypothesisandimplicationsforlearninglanguage

13.underlyingtheoriesofCommunicativeApproachtolanguagelearningandmaindimensionsofcommunicativecompetence.

14年语言学试卷

1.Definition

（1）descriptive&prescriptive

（2）presupposition&entailment（3）metonymy&metaphor（4）discrete-pointtest&integrativetest（5）bilingualism&diglossia（6）teachingmethod&teachingmethodology

2.Whatisarbitrariness?

Whatisiconity?

Howtheyarerelated?

Whatdoyouthinkaboutthearbitrarinessandiconity