朱敬参的论文.docx

朱敬参的论文.docx

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朱敬参的论文

河南理工大学万方科技学院

本科毕业生论文

TheCulturalDifferencesBetween

EastandWestonDragon

论东西方龙的文化差异

院系：

人文社会科学系

专业：

英语

学生姓名：

朱敬参

学号：

0480050126

指导教师：

周长军

2008年6月

Contents

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………….I

Abstract……………………………………………………………….....….II

摘要……………………………………………………........................……III

1Introduction……………………………………………………….….........1

2TheCulturesintheEastandWestonDragon……………………...…...5

2.1TheCulturesintheEastonDragon……………………..………..........5

2.1.1ChineseDragon…………………………………................……....5

2.1.2ChineseDragoninPopularCulture…………………...….......…....6

2.2TheCulturesintheWestonDragon…………………………..……......9

2.2.1DragonintheWesternCulture…………………………………......9

2.2.2TheBible…………………………………………………..….......10

3TheCulturalDifferencesBetweentheEastandWestonDragon……..11

3.1TheContrastabouttheOriginofDragon………………………….......12

3.2TheContrastabouttheHistoryofDragon….........................................14

3.3TheContrastaboutlegendsontheDragon………………………........16

3.3.1LegendoftheYellowEmperor…………………………….…......16

3.3.2LegendoftheCarp…………………………………………….....16

3.4MentionsoftheCulturalDifferencesonDragonsintheBible…….....17

4TheReasonsfortheCulturalDifferences………………………......…..22

5Conclusion…..………………………………………………………....….25

References…………..…………………………………………………….....27

Acknowledgements

IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisorMrZhouChangjunwhohasadvisedandencouragedmeduringthewholeprocessofwritingthepaper,showinggreatpatienceandinsight.Withoutherguidancethethesiswouldbesimplyimpossible.

Likewise,mysincerethanksshouldbealsogiventotheteacherswhohaveinstructedmycoursesandwhohaveofferedmegreathelpduringmystudyinWanfangInstituteofScienceandTechnology,HenanPolytechnicUniversity.TheyareLiAiqin,PangMixiang,YanLige,HuoHongtao,LiMingxin,LiDongfeng,ZhuBaofeng,YangGuoqi,andChangJianruo.

Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomyfriendsfortheirkindhelp.Theyaremybrothersforever.

Lastbustnotleast,heartythanksshouldbeconveyedtoalltheauthorsfromwhomIhavecitedinthisthesis.

Myheartfeltthanksalsogotomyparentsfortheirgreatloveandearnestconcernforme.

Abstract

TherearemanyculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest,andthedragonculturaldifferencesareoneofthem.Easternpeoplethinkthatthedragonisholyandmascot,butWesternpeoplethinkthatthedragonisevilornotgoodcreature,sothedifferencesviewsoftenmakeourcommunicationinthestateoftensionifwedonotknowsomethingaboutthem.

InthisthesisIwilltalkabouttheEastdragonandtheWestdragon.AtlastIwillcontrastthedifferencesaboutit.Iwillquotesomeage-oldlegendetotalkthedragonhowtocomeintobeingpeople’smind,andaffectpeople’saction.Wecannotdenyanyofthecultures.Everynationhasitsowncharacteristicsandit’smainlythroughitsculturethatwefirstbegintoknowthenationanditscharacteristics.Sowecannotsaythatthiscultureorcustomisrightandthatiswrong.Equalrespectshouldbeattachedtoeverycultureintheworld,eventothosethatarenotinexistenceanymore.

Weshouldgettolearnhowtocoordinatethedifferentcultures.Wesaytheworldisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.Moreforeignerscomeandgoeveryday.Whenitisinthesamecountry,thesamecity,thesameneighborhood,theculturalcollisionisexpectedtobemoreserious.Soweshouldtrytoavoidthishappening.Oneimportantthingistogetsomebasicknowledgeabouttheotherculturessoasnottomisunderstandsomeactionsorhabitsoftheforeigners.

Keywords:

dragon;Beolwulf;TheBible;rian;Chinesenewyear;imperialauthority.

中西方龙的文化差异

摘要

东方和西方国家存在着很多文化的差异，然而龙的文化差异只是其中的一种差异，东方人认为龙是神圣不可亵渎的，然而在西方的文化中龙却又扮演着另外一个角色，西方有的人认为龙是不好的是邪恶的，是有魔法的，如果我们不清楚这种文化差异，在我们同西方的客人交谈之中会产生各种各样的问题。

在本文当中我涉及到了东西方龙的文化知识并进行了对比，同时引用一些古老的传说来说明文化在人们大脑中是如何形成的，如何来影响人们的行为。

我们不能去否认任何文化，每一种文化都有自己的特点，文化本身没有对错好坏之分，我们能做的就是尊重彼此之间的文化。

我们应该学习如何合作面对不同的文化差异，我们说现在世界越来越小了，许多外国人来往穿梭于每一天。

当我们生活在同一个国家，同一个城市，甚至邻居，文化冲突就是一个很严重的问题了。

唯一的办法就是我们要学习一些其他文化的知识，这样不至于造成误解和不理解外国人的行为和习惯。

关键词：

龙；贝奥武甫；圣经；雨水；中国新年；皇权。

1Introduction

TheC-shapedjadedragonofHongshanCultureisconsideredtheprototypeofChinesedragon.

TheoriginofChinesedragonisnotcertain,butmanyscholarsagreethatitoriginatedfromtotemsofdifferenttribesinChina.Somehavesuggestedthatitcomesfromastylizeddepictionofexistinganimals,suchassnakes,fish,orcrocodiles.Forexample,theBanpositeoftheYangshaocultureinShanxifeaturedanelongated,snake-likefishmotif.tobethelocationoftheDragonGate.Thislegendisusedasanallegoryforthedriveandeffortneededtoovercomeobstaclesandachievesuccess.Jade-carveddragongarmentornamentfromtheWarringStatesperiod（403BC-221BC）.

Analternativeview,advocatedbyHeXin,isthattheearlydragondepictedaspeciesofcrocodile.Specifically,Crocodylusporosus,anancient,giantcrocodile.Thecrocodileisknowntobeabletoaccuratelysensechangesinairpressure,andbeabletosensecomingrain.Thismayhavebeentheoriginofthedragon’smythicalattributesincontrollingtheweather,especiallytherain.Inaddition,thereisevidenceofcrocodileworshipinancientBabylonian,Indian,andMayancivilizations.Theassociationwiththecrocodileisalsosupportedbytheviewinancienttimesthatlargecrocodilesareavarietyofdragon.Forexample,intheStoryofZhouChu,aboutthelifeofaJinDynastywarrior,heissaidtohavekilleda“dragon”thatinfestedthewatersofhishomevillage,whichappearstohavebeenacrocodile.

Othershaveproposedthatitsshapeisthemergeroftotemsofvarioustribesastheresultofthemergeroftribes.ThecoiledsnakeordragonformplayedanimportantroleinearlyChineseculture.LegendaryfigureslikeNwa,Fuxiarepictedashavingsnakebodies.SomescholarsreportthatthefirstlegendaryEmperorofChinaHuangDi（YellowEmperor）usedasnakeforhiscoatofarms.Everytimeheconqueredanothertribe,heincorporatedhisdefeatedenemy’semblemintohisown.Thatexplainswhythedragonappearstohavefeaturesofvariousanimals.

“Coileddragon”formshavebeenattributedtotheHongshanculture.WhytheHongshanpeoples“coiled”theirdragonmotifswhileotherculturesdidnot?

Possiblythesleepingdinosaurfossilmayofferasuggestion,becauseitwasdiscoveredwithinthesameprovince,Liaoning.PerhapsHongshanpeoplesfoundadditional“sleepingdinosaur”fossils.

ThereisnodirectconnectionbetweentheEastdragonandtheWesterndragon.

InEuropeanfolklore,adragonisaserpentinelegendarycreature.TheLatinworddraco,asinconstellationDraco,comesdirectlyfromGreekδράκων,（drákōn,gazer）.ThewordfordragoninGermanicmythologyanditsdescendantsisworm（OldEnglish:

wyrm,OldHighGerman:

wurm,OldNorse:

ormr）,meaningsnakeorserpent.InOldEnglishwyrmmeans“serpent”,dracameans“dragon”red.Finnishlohikäärmemeansdirectly“salmon-snake”,butthewordlohi-wasoriginallylouhi-meaningcragsorrocks,a“mountainsnake”.Thoughawingedcreature,thedragonisgenerallytobefoundinitsundergroundlair,acavethatidentifiesitasanancientcreatureofearth.Likely,thedragonsofEuropeanandMidEasternmythologystemfromthecultofsnakesfoundinreligionsthroughouttheworld.

IntheobovebookstheyintroducealotofthingsaboutthedragonculturesbetweentheEastandWest,buttheydon’tcontrastthedifferencescultureeachotherandnottointroducethereasonshowtoproducethedifferences,andhowtofacetheculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest.Iwillintroduceaboutthesethingsinthethesis.

TherearemanyculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWest,andtheculturaldifferencesondragonisoneofthem.Chinesepeoplethinkthatthedragonisholyandmascot,butwesternpeoplethinkthatthedragonisbelialandwick,sothedifferentviewsoftenmakeourcommunicationinthestateoftensionifwedonotknowsomethingaboutthem.IfwewanttohaveagoodcommunicationbetweenEastandWest，Wehavetoknowsomethingabouttheculturaldifferences.Itwillhelpustounderstandwesternpeople’saction.Thecuturaldifferencescomefromtheage-oldlegend.Thedifferencesold-legendcreatedifferencesentironmentandmadethepeople’smind.InthisthesisIwilltalkabouttheEasterndragonandtheWesterndragon.AtlastIwillcontrastthedifferencesaboutthem.Iwillquotesomeage-oldlegendestotalktheprocessthatthedragoncomeintobeingtopeople’smind,andaffectpeople’saction.Itwouldmakeourcommunicationeasily.

ThroughintroducethedifferencesculturalondragonbetweenEastandWest,wecanfindthattherearemanydifferencesbetweentheEastandWest.Sowhenwecommunicatewiththeforeignerswemustknowabouttheculturaldifferences,thedrgonintheChinaisgoodandhasthehighpositioninsocial,butintheWestcountrytheyhavedifferentviewstothedragon,somebodyeventhinkthatthedragonisevil.Sowecannotsaythatthiscultureorcustomisrightandthatiswrong.Equalrespectshouldbeattachedtoeverycultureintheworld,eventothosethatarenotinexistenceanymore.

Thestructureofthethesis:

Thefirstpartisintroducingthebaseinformationandstudyondragonaboutdemosticandabroad.

ThesecondpartisintroduingthecultureondragonintheEastandintheWest.

ThethirdpartisintroduingthedifferencesbetweenEastandWestondragon.

ThefourpartisintroduingthereasonsofproduingthedifferencesbeweenEastandWest.

Th