上海应用技术学院跨文化交际整理.docx

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上海应用技术学院跨文化交际整理

Unit1

1economicglobalization(经济全球化):

theintegrationofnationaleconomiesintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade,foreigndirectinvestment,capitalflows,migration,andthespreadoftechnology.

2bartersystem(物物交换):

exchangewithoutmoney

–Farmingcommunitiestradedtheirsurplusproduceinexchangeforproductsandserviceswithoutthemediumofmoney.

–Humansocietyhasalwaystradedgoodsacrossgreatdistances.

3globalvillage(地球村):

theworldformonecommunity

–Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldformonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications,especiallytheInternet.

4meltingpot(大熔炉):

asocio-culturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities.

5culture(文化):

canbeenseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture.

6culturaldiversity(文化融合):

referstothemixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforcewithafullmixofculturesandsub-culturestowhichmembersbelong.

7.Communication(交际):

meantosharewithortomakecommon,asingivingtoanotherapartorshareofyourthoughts,hopes,andknowledge.

8interculturalcommunication(跨文化交际):

communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundsanddistinct(不同)enoughtoalter(改变)theircommunicaion。

9componentsofcommunication(交际的十大要素)

①source(来源):

thepersonwhodesiresto

②encoding(编码):

theprocessofputtingonideaintoasymbol

③message(信息):

identifiestheencodingthought

④channel(渠道):

themeansoftransmission(传播途径)

⑤noise(干扰):

anythingdistortsthemessages

⑥receiver(接受者):

thepersonwhoattendstothemessage

⑦decoding(解码):

assigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived

⑧receiverresponse(接受者反应):

anythingthereceiverdoes

⑨feedback(反馈):

theportionwhichthesourcehasknowledgeandtowhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning

⑩context(场景):

helpdefine(使明确)thecommunication

思考题:

1.Discussthefourtrendsthatmakeourworldmoreinterdependent.

①convenienttransportationsystems(便捷的交通系统)

②innovativecommunicationsystems(革新通信技术)

③economicglobailzation(经济全球化)

④widespreadmigrations(广泛的移民)

2.Whatarethethreeingredients(组成)ofculture?

①artifacts(thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce)

②behavior(whattheydo)

③concepts(共有观点)(whattheythink)

3.Howtounderstandculturaliceberg?

justasaniceberg,culturehassomeaspectsthatareobservableandothersthatcanonlybesuspectedanimagined.Alsolikeaniceberg,nine-tenthofcultureisbelowthesurface

4.Whatarethecharacteristic(特点)ofculture?

①shared

②learned(enculuration文化习得:

learningone'sculture)

③dynamic(动态的)(accultration文化适应:

adoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanotherculture)

④ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义:

ownculturalbackgroundissuperior)

5.Whatarethecharacteristicofcommunication?

①dynamic(动态性);②irreversible(不可逆转的)③symbolic(符号的)④systematic(系统性)⑤transactional(互动性)⑥contextual(语境)

 

Unit2-4

1Pragmatics(语用学):

thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehavior.

2Semantics(语义学):

asystemthatassociateswordstomeaning.Itisthestudyofthemeaningofwords.

3Denotation(引申含义):

theliteralmeaningordefinitionofaword---theexplicit,particular,definedmeaning.

精讲案例:

Case1.Case3(p17).Case4(p19).Case2(p43).Case3(p45).Case1(p67).Case3(p69)

思考题:

1.HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing?

①InChinesethesurnamecomesfirstandisfollowedbythegivenname;inEnglishthisorderisreversed.

②InChinaseniority(资历)ispaidrespectsto.

Nowadays,manyEnglish-speakingpeopletendtoaddressothersbytheirgivennames,evenwhenmeetingforthefirsttime.

(Aboutaddressingbyrelationship)Chineseoftenextenkinshiptermstopeoplenotrelatedbybloodormarriage.

Americanstendtousejustthefirstnameandleaveoutthetermofrelationship.

Chineseuseaperson'stitle、office、orprofessiontoindicate(表明)theperson'sinfluential(有权势的)status.InEnglish,onlyafewoccupationsortitlescouldbeused,suchasdoctor,governor,mayor,professor,nurseandcaptain.(p24)

2.Whatarethesocialfunctionsofcompliments?

(赞美的社会功能是什么?

Creatingorreinforcing(加固)solidarity,greetingpeople,expressingthanksorcongratulations,encouragingpeople,softeningcriticism(委婉批评),startingaconversation,orevenovercomingembarrassment(窘迫).

 

Unit5

1Chronemics(时间学):

Thestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.

(1)PolychromicTime:

payingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.

(2)PolychronicTime(多元时间观念):

beinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.

2Proxemics(空间学):

Referstotheperceptionanduseofspace.

3Kinetics(身势学):

4Paralanguage(副语言):

Involvingsoundsbutnotwordandlyingbetweenverbalandnonverbalcommunication.

精讲案例case1(p85).case3(p87).case5.6(p90).case7(91).

思考题:

1.WhatarethedifferentfeaturesofM-TimeandP-time?

P-Timeislessrigid(刻板)andclock-bound,moreflexibleandmorehu

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