JAMA Network - AMA Manual of Style_ A Guide for Authors and Editors-OUP USA (2020).pdf

JAMA Network - AMA Manual of Style_ A Guide for Authors and Editors-OUP USA (2020).pdf

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AMAManualofStyleAGuideforAuthorsandEditors11thEditionJAMANetworkEditorsStacyL.Christiansen,MACherylIverson,MAAnnetteFlanagin,RN,MAEdwardH.Livingston,MDLaurenFischer,BA,BSConnieManno,ELSBrendaGregoline,ELSTracyFrey,BAPhilB.Fontanarosa,MD,MBARoxanneK.Young,ELSJAMANetworktm1AGuideforAuthorsandEditorsJAMANetworkEditorsJAMANetworktm11thEditionAMAManualofStyle1JAMANetworktmOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversitysobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwide.OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandcertainothercountries.PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica.AmericanMedicalAssociation2020TenthEditionpublishedin2007Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,bylicense,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereproductionrightsorganization.InquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove.Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherformandyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataNames:

AmericanMedicalAssociation.Title:

AMAmanualofstyle:

aguideforauthorsandeditors/JAMANetworkeditors.Othertitles:

ManualofstyleDescription:

11thedition/StacyL.Christiansen,CherylIverson,AnnetteFlanagin,EdwardH.Livingston,LaurenFischer,ConnieManno,BrendaGregoline,TracyFrey,PhilB.Fontanarosa,RoxanneK.Young.|NewYork:

OxfordUniversityPress,2020|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.Identifiers:

LCCN2019028351（print）|LCCN2019028352（ebook）|ISBN9780190246556（hardback）|ISBN9780190246563（hardback）|ISBN9780190246594（epub）Subjects:

LCSH:

MedicalwritingHandbooks,manuals,etc.|AuthorshipStylemanuals.Classification:

LCCR119.A5332020（print）|LCCR119（ebook）|DDC808.06/661dc23LCrecordavailableathttps:

/lccn.loc.gov/2019028351LCebookrecordavailableathttps:

/lccn.loc.gov/2019028352987654321PrintedbyLSCCommunications,UnitedStatesofAmericavForewordIdentifyingthebenchmark,the“goldstandard,”inanydiscipline,isdifficult.Thereareoftennumerousreferencebooksandwell-recognizedandvalidatedmeasuresofdiseasesanddisorders,butthatsinglebestresourcecanbeelusive.However,theAMAManualofStyle,sinceitsinauguralversionin1962,andwiththis11thedition,istrulythestandard,andinthewordsofonecolleague,“thebibleofmedicalpublishing.”WrittenbytheeditorialstaffatJAMAandtheJAMANetworkincludingphysicians,manuscripteditingmanagers,andcurrentandformermanagingeditorsitisthesinglemostcomprehensivetextfocusedsolelyonmedicalpublishing.In2018Itraveledtoameetingheldatastart-upthatwasinvolvedinhealthandwellnessmarketing.WhatdidIsee5copiesoftheAMAManualofStyle.WhenIaskedwhysomanycopies,theresponsewas,“Theyarealwaysinuse;ithaseverythingrelatedtomedicalpublishing.Whatmorecouldweneed?

”Danglingparticiples,malapropisms,misuseofhyphensandcommas,andcap-italizationerrors:

Icommiteachofthesesinsdaily.Isittwoor2,affectoreffect,whichorthat?

Arebooktitlessetinromanoritalictype?

Howdoyoucapitalizeandpunctuateemail?

Wheniscausallanguageappropriatetobeusedinare-searchreport?

DoIuseanSIunitoraconventionalunit?

Whatisthebestwaytodisplaydata?

HowdoIhandleanauthordisputeordetermineifpermissiontorepublishpartofafigureisneeded?

Wasthecorrectstatisticalanalysisusedforaspecificstudy?

Thesepuzzlingquestionscomeupeverydayinmedicalpublishingandmanuscriptediting.TheAMAManualofStyleanswersthesequestionsandthousandsmore.Communicationofmedicalinformationhaschangedradicallyoverthepastdecade.Theemergenceoftheinternetanddigitalpublishingchangedforeverhowinformationiscommunicated.Relianceonaprintcopyofajournalisnomore.Thecontentofmanyjournalsisnow“pushed”tomanyaudiencesviatheinternet,socialmedia,newsmedia,andemail（ore-mail,whichisit?

seechapter8.3）.Transmissionofinformation,whichusedtobeconfinedtotheprintedword,nowincludesonlinesynopsesofarticles,podcasts,videos,visualabstracts,andcon-tenttranslatedintootherlanguages.InthechaptersonManuscriptPreparation;References;EditorialAssessmentandProcessing;Editing,Proofreading,Tagging,andDisplay;andtheGlossaryofPublishingTermsmanyofthesenewformsofcommunicationarediscussed.Thebookiscomprehensive.Sincethepublicationofthelastedition,oldis-sues,includingconflictofinterestandscientificmisconduct,havereemergedwithadditionalandimportantconcerns.Newandevolvingissues,suchasopenaccess,preprintservers,teamscience,openpeerreview,datasharing,andnewrulesforprotectingparticipantsrightsinresearchhavecometothefore.Theseandre-latedissuesarediscussedindepthinthechapterEthicalandLegalConsiderationsviForewordandarealsoaddressedinthechaptersonManuscriptPreparationandEditorialAssessmentandProcessing.Foranauthor,editor,orpublisherworkinginthefieldofmedicalpublishing,the23chaptersinthisvolumeshouldhelpanswerquestionsthatariseindailyworkaswellasthosethatoccurinfrequently.Thereisguidanceoncitingsources;datadisplays（graphicalandtabular）;grammar,punctuation,plurals,andcapitali-zation;correctandpreferredusage;abbreviations;nomenclature（fromgeneticstoorganismstooncology）;copyright,licensing,andpermissions;unitsofmeasure;numbers,studydesign,andstatistics;equations;andelectroniceditingandproof-reading.Thebookconcludeswithalistofotherresourcesthatmaybehelpfultoauthorsandeditors.DuringmytenureIhavehadthegoodfortuneofworkingwithsomegreatwritersDonBerwick,TonyFauci,PhilFontanarosa,LarryGostin,MaryMcDermott,AbrahamVerghese,andJodyZylke.ForthemIsuspectwritingcomesnaturally;theyaresimplygiftedcommunicators.Butformostpeople,writingparticularlymedicalwritingisalearnedskill.Therearemanynuances,includinghigh-levelorganizationalstructure,reportingstandards,andcorrectusageofmed-icalterminology,aswellasparagraphtransitions,syntax,wordchoice,verbtense,andpunctuationuse.Forthevastmajorityofauthorsandeditorsofscientificcom-munication,thiseditionoftheAMAManualofStylewillbeofgreatassistance.Ithasbeenmyprivilegetoworkwiththeauthorsofthisbook.Theyhavetaughtmemuchaboutmedicaleditingandpublishing.Inthefieldofmedicaljour-nalismandcommunication,theAMAManualofStyleisindispensable.Itshouldbeontheshelfofeveryeditorandpublisherandavailabletoauthorsworldwide.HowardBauchner,MDEditorinChiefJAMAandtheJAMANetworkviiPrefaceOpeninganynewbookcanbecauseforexcitement.Butforaneditor,openinganeweditionofastylemanualhasanaddedfrisson.Whatisnew?

Havegapsbeenfilled?

Havepoliciesthatmayhaveseemedoutdatedorstodgybeenfreshened?

Thesequestionscanonlybeansweredbyfrequentuse,buttoprovideaquickoverviewhereisashortlistofwhatyouwillfindinthis11theditionoftheAMAManualofStyle.Thehyphenhasbeenremovedfromemail,althoughitisretainedforothere-combinations（eg,e-cigarette）.Bothinternetandwebsitearelowercased（andtheformerWebsiteisnowoneword）.Themandateforasinglecorrespondingauthorhasbeenrelaxed.Twocorre-spondingauthorsmaybelistedifjustified,withoneauthordesignatedastheprimarypointofcontactresponsibleforallcommunicationaboutthemanu-scriptandarticle.ThispersonwillbelistedfirstintheCorrespondingAuthorsectionofthepublishedarticle.Becauseithasbecomeincreasinglycommonforauthorstorequest“cofirstau-thorship”or“coseniorauthorship,”suchdesignationswillnowbeallowed,butonepersonsnamewillneedtogofirstinthebyline.Thedeathdaggerinthebylineforadeceasedauthorhasbeendiscontinued.Ifitisdesiredtonotethedeathofanauthor,thismaybedoneintheAcknowledgmentsection.Locationofthepublisherforbooksandreportsisnolongerrequiredinreferences.Locationofthemanufacturerofdrugsandequipmentanddevicesisnolongerrequiredintext.ADOI（digitalobjectidentifier）shouldbeincludedforjournalreferencesifavailable.BecausetheabilitytoeasilyandaccuratelycopyandpasteDOIsisimportant,aperiodshouldnotbeincludedaftertheDOI;theriskoftheperiodbecomingapartoftheDOIitselfistoogreatandcouldcreateproblemswithlinking.WhenaURLisincludedforreferences,itshouldbeprecededbythedatethereferencewaspublishedand/orlastupdatedandaccessed.ThiswouldmaketheURLthelastiteminthereferencecitationand,aswithDOIs,itshouldnotbefollowedbyaperiodtoavoidconfusionwithlinking.Guidanceoncitingpreprints,databases,datarepositories,podcasts,appsandinteractivegames,andpopularsocialmedia（eg,Facebook,blogs,YouTube,andTwitter）hasbeenaddedtotheReferenceschapter.viiiPrefaceIntablesandfigures,sentence-stylecapitalizationwillbeusedinallelementsexceptthetitle（eg,axislabels,columnheadings）.Thismakeslongphraseseasiertoread.InthechapteronTables,Figures,andMultimedia,newexamplesofthefollowingtypesoffigureshavebeenadded:

hybridgraph（2techniquesareoverlaid）,flowchartforaclinicaltrialinwhichparticipantswereallocatedvsrandomized,funnelplot,geneticheatmap,networkmap,gelelectrophoresisimages,mag-neticresonanceimages,radiographs,ultrasonographic