上海应用技术学院跨文化交际整理.docx

1、上海应用技术学院跨文化交际整理Unit 11 economic globalization(经济全球化）：the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.2 barter system(物物交换）：exchange without money Farming communities traded their sur

2、plus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. Human society has always traded goods across great distances.3 global village(地球村）：the world form one community All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especi

3、ally the Internet.4 melting pot(大熔炉）：a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.5 culture(文化）：can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. 6 cultural diversity(文化融合）：refers to the mix of people f

4、rom various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.7. Communication(交际）: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.8 intercultural communication(跨文化交际）：communicatio

5、n between people whose cultural backgrounds and distinct(不同） enough to alter（改变） their communicaion。9 components of communication（交际的十大要素）source(来源）：the person who desires to encoding(编码）：the process of putting on idea into a symbolmessage(信息）：identifies the encoding thoughtchannel(渠道）：the means of

6、transmission(传播途径）noise(干扰）：anything distorts the messagesreceiver(接受者）：the person who attends to the messagedecoding(解码）：assigning meaning to the symbols receivedreceiver response(接受者反应）：anything the receiver doesfeedback(反馈）：the portion which the source has knowledge and to which the source attend

7、s and assigns meaningcontext(场景）：help define(使明确） the communication思考题：1.Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统） innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）economic globailzation(经济全球化）widespread migrations(广泛的移民)2.What are the three in

8、gredients(组成) of culture?artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)behavior(what they do)concepts(共有观点）(what they think)3.How to understand cultural iceberg?just as an iceberg, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected an imagined. Also lik

9、e an iceberg, nine-tenth of culture is below the surface4.What are the characteristic(特点） of culture?shared learned(enculuration 文化习得：learning ones culture) dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is s

10、uperior)5.What are the characteristic of communication?dynamic(动态性）；irreversible(不可逆转的）symbolic(符号的）systematic(系统性）transactional（互动性）contextual(语境)Unit 2-41 Pragmatics（语用学）: the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.2 Semantics（语义学）：a system that associates words to

11、 meaning. It is the study of the meaning of words.3 Denotation（引申含义）：the literal meaning or definition of a word - the explicit, particular, defined meaning.精讲案例：Case1.Case3(p17).Case4(p19).Case2(p43).Case3(p45).Case1(p67).Case3(p69)思考题：1.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?

12、In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name； in English this order is reversed.In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.(About addressing by relationship

13、）Chinese often exten kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage.Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship.Chinese use a persons title、office、or profession to indicate(表明） the persons influential(有权势的）status .In English, only a few occupations or t

14、itles could be used，such as doctor, governor, mayor, professor, nurse and captain.(p24)2. What are the social functions of compliments?(赞美的社会功能是什么？)Creating or reinforcing(加固） solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a

15、conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.Unit 51 Chronemics（时间学）：The study of how people perceive and use time.(1) Polychromic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.(2)Polychronic Time（多元时间观念）: being involved with many things at once.2 Proxemics（空间学）：Refers to the pe

16、rception and use of space.3 Kinetics（身势学）:4 Paralanguage(副语言)：Involving sounds but not word and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication .精讲案例case1(p85).case3(p87).case5.6(p90).case7(91）.思考题：1.What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?P-Time is less rigid(刻板）and clock-bound,more flexible and more hu