Bill of Lading 海运提单.docx
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BillofLading海运提单
BillofLading海运提单
Abillofladingisareceiptforgoodsshippedonboardavessel,signedbytheperson(orhisagent)whocontractstocarrythem,andstatingtheconditionsinwhichthegoodsweredeliveredto(andreceivedby)theship.Itisnottheactualcontract,butformsexcellentevidenceofthetermsofthecontract.Itisadocumentoftitletothegoods,enablingtheshipperorownerofthegoodstoendorsetitletootherparties,sellgoodsintransit,andpresenttobankswithotherdocumentsinseekingpaymentunderdocumentarycredits.AbbreviatedgenerallyasB/L,itisthemostimportantdocumentforseatransport.
Therearedifferenttypesofbilloflading:
(1)Shipped(OnBoard)B/LandreceivedforshipmentB/L
已装船提单和备运提单
·ShippedB/Lisissuedbytheshippingcompanyafterthegoodsareactuallyshippedonboardthedesignatedvessel.Sinceshippedbillofladingprovidesbetterguaranteefortheconsigneetoreceivethecargoatthedestination,theimporterwillnormallyrequiretheexportertoproduceshippedB/Landmostbillofladingformsarepreprintedas“ShippedBill”.
·ReceivedforShipmentB/Lariseswheretheword“shipped”doesnotappearonthebilloflading.Itmerelyconfirmsthatthegoodshavebeenhandedoverto,andareinthecustodyoftheshipowner.ThebuyerunderaCIFcontractwillnotacceptsuchaB/Lbecause,intheabsenceofthedateofshipment,heisinnopositiontoanticipatethearrivaloftheconsignment.
(2)CleanB/LanduncleanB/L
清洁提单和不清洁提单
·Acleanbillofladingistheonethatstatesthatthegoodshavebeen“shippedinapparentgoodorderandcondition”.Itisissuedwhenthegoodsdonotshowanydefectsontheirexteriorsatthetimeofloadingattheportofshipment.Thistypeisfavoredbythebuyerandthebanksforfinancialsettlementpurposes.
·Ifdefectsarefoundontheexteriorsofthegoods,ortheshippingcompanydoesnotagreetoanyofthestatementsintheB/L,thebillwillbemarkedas“unclean”,“foul”or“…packagesindamagedcondition”.UncleanB/Lisusuallyunacceptabletothebuyerandbanks.
(3)Straight,blankandorderB/L
记名、不记名和指示提单
·Straightbillofladinghasadesignatedconsignee.Underthisbill,onlythenamedconsigneeatthedestinationisentitledtotakedeliveryofthecargo.Asitisnottransferable,itisnotcommonlyusedininternationaltradeandnormallyappliestohigh-valueshipmentsorgoodsforspecialpurposes.
·BlankB/LalsocalledOpenB/LorBearerB/L,meansthatthereisnodefiniteconsigneeofthegoods.Thereusuallyappearintheboxofconsigneewordslike“Tobearer”.Anyonewhoholdsthebillisentitledtothegoodsthebillrepresents.Noendorsementisneededforthetransferoftheblankbill.Duetotheexceedinglyhighriskinvolved,thisbillisrarelyused.
·OrderB/Liswidelyusedininternationaltrade.Itmeansthatthegoodsareconsignedordestinedtotheorderofanamedperson.Intheboxofconsignee,“Toorder”,“Toorderoftheshipper”,or“Toorderoftheconsignee”ismarked.Itcanbetransferredonlyafterendorsementismade.IftheB/Lismadeout“Toorderoftheshipper”,theshipperwillendorsethebill.Ifitismadeout“Toorderoftheconsignee”,theconsigneewillendorsethebilltotransferit.Ablankendorsementisusuallyrequiredfora“Toorder”bill.
(4)Direct,transshipment,throughbilloflading
直运、转船和联运提单
·TranshipmentB/Lmeansthatthegoodsneedtobetransshippedatanintermediateportasthereisnodirectservicebetweentheshipmentportandthedestinationport.
·Itissometimesnecessarytoemploytwoormorecarrierstogetthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Inthiscase,usuallythefirstcarrierwillsignandissueathroughbilloflading.Theon-carriagemaybeeitherbyasecondvesselorbyadifferentformoftransport.
(5)LinerB/L,containerB/LandcombinedtransportB/L
班轮、集装箱和多式联运提单
·Linerbillofladingisissuedbyalinercompanyforshipmentonscheduledportcallsthroughscheduledroutes.
·ContainerB/Lisbecomingmorecommoninusewiththedevelopmentofcontainerization.Itcoversthegoodsfromporttoportorfrominlandpointofdeparturetoinlandpointofdestination.
·CombinedtransportB/Lisissuedbycombinedtransportoperatorthatcoversthemulti-modaltransportonadoor-to-doorbasisinonecontractofcarriage.Itisidealforcontainermovements.Itdiffersfrom“throughB/L”inthatcombinedtransportisoperatedbyonlyonecarrier.
(6)LongformB/LandshortformB/L
全式提单和简式提单
·LongformB/Lismoredetailedwithshippingcontractclauseprintedonthebackofthepage.
·ShortformB/L,asthenameimplies,isanabbreviatedtypeofdocument,smallerandnotcontainingthelonglistofdetailedclausesthatgenerallyappearonbillsoflading.Incertaincircumstancesitmaynot,therefore,beconsidered