Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) An Environmentally Friendly Native Grass for Animals.pdf

Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis) An Environmentally Friendly Native Grass for Animals.pdf

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Sheepgrass（Leymuschinensis）:

AnEnvironmentallyFriendlyNativeGrassforAnimalsGongsheLiuXiaoxiaLiQingfenZhangEditorsSheepgrass（Leymuschinensis）:

AnEnvironmentallyFriendlyNativeGrassforAnimalsGongsheLiuXiaoxiaLiQingfenZhangEditorsSheepgrass（Leymuschinensis）:

AnEnvironmentallyFriendlyNativeGrassforAnimalsISBN978-981-13-8632-9ISBN978-981-13-8633-6（eBook）https:

/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8633-6SciencePressandSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublishers,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.Thepublishers,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishersnortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublishersremainneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:

152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,SingaporeEditorsGongsheLiuKeyLaboratoryofPlantResources,InstituteofBotanyChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing,ChinaQingfenZhangKeyLaboratoryofPlantResources,InstituteofBotanyChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing,ChinaXiaoxiaLiKeyLaboratoryofPlantResources,InstituteofBotanyChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing,ChinavForewordItiswithpleasurethatIwritethisforewordtothenewbookbyProfessorGongsheLiu.Leymuschinensis（sheepgrass）isoneofthemostwidelygeographicallydistrib-utedTriticeaegrasses;itisanimportantforageandecologicalrestorationgrassinChina.Dr.LiuhasaverybroadunderstandingofL.chinensisacrossChinaandhasbeenworkingonL.chinensisforover20years.HismaininterestisthesystemresearchanddevelopmentofgermplasmofL.chinensis.Hisresearchareasincludeforagegeneticresourcesandmolecularbreedingandstudiesonthesexualrepro-ductionmechanismandthemolecularbasisofbioticandabioticstresstolerancesofL.chinensis.Overtheyears,hisresearchoutcomeshavebeenpublishedinpeer-reviewedscientificjournals.Heheld18registeredpatentsofinventionandhasdevelopednewvarietiesofsheepgrassZhongkeNos.1,2,and3.Heisauthoroftwo-volumedtextbooksonL.chinensisgermplasmaswellasatextbookonpracti-caltechniquesforL.chinensisplantationinChina.Now,Sheepgrass（Leymuschinensis）:

AnEnvironmentallyFriendlyNativeGrassforAnimalswillbeareferencebookthatcompilesallaspectsofL.chinensis,suchasbasicknowledge,varietaldevelopmentandutilization,sexualreproductionandseedtraits,saline-alkalineresistance,nutrientandwaterabsorptionandapplica-tions,responsivemechanismstodefoliation,andgeneresourceminingandfunctionresearch.ItwillbeusedwidelyinallprovincesofChinainthepreservationanddevelopmentofnewcultivarsandbythoseinterestedingrasssystematics.Thisbookwillalsobeusefulforforagebreeders,Triticeaeresearchers,scientists,andgraduatestudentsinterestedinbiosystematics,geneticresourcesmanagement,nat-uralresourcemanagement,andrangelandmanagement.Professor,SchoolofAppliedSystemsBiologyLaTrobeUniversityBundoora,VIC,AustraliaAgriBio,CentreforAgriBioscienceLaTrobeUniversityBundoora,VIC,AustraliaGermanSpangenbergviiAcknowledgmentWhydowestudysheepgrass（Leymuschinensis）?

Datingbackto1994,ProfessorZhenshengLi,anacademicianofChineseAcademyofSciences（CAS）,whowasitsvicepresidentatthattime,paidparticularattentiontothefoodsecurityinChinaandindicated“BuildinganecologicallysoundNorthChinagrasslandandanimalhus-bandryiscriticallyimportantforfoodsecurityandasanEcologyGreatWallforChina.”However,thelackofasuitableforagegrasshadbeenthemajorobstacleofthedevelopmentoftheherbivorehusbandryinNorthChina.Undersuchcircum-stance,hesuggestedthatourresearchteamattheInstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciencesshouldfocusonthesuperiorlocalnativegrassspecies,sheep-grass,andshouldselectthegermplasmresourcesofhighqualityforsystematicresearchandfurthercultivationofnewsheepgrassvarieties.ProfessorLisproposalprovedtobeafeasibleresearchfieldofgreatsignificance.Withthesupportsandadvicefromhim,therehavebeenmorethan50researchersandgraduatestudentscontributingtothesystematicstudyonsheepgrassinthelasttwodecades,resultingintheplentifulachievementsincluding18patents,3newvarietiesofsheepgrass,and3academicbooks.ProfessorLiisundoubtedlytheguideroftheresearchofsheepgrassgermplasmresourceinChina.Chinesescientistshaveachievedmanyoutstandingprogressandresultsinthesheepgrassresearchongermplasmresource,domestication,cultivation,physiologi-calecology,ecologicalrestoration,etc.Numerousacademicworkshavebeenpub-lishedinChinese.In2004,Yang-caoBiologicalEcologywaspublishedbyProfessorTingchengZhuastheeditorinchief.In2011,GongsheLiuetal.publishedStudiesonGermplasmResourcesofLeymuschinensis（Volume1）.In2015,GongsheLiuandXiaoxiaLiastheeditorsinchiefpublishedStudiesonGermplasmResourcesofLeymuschinensis（Volume2）.Alsoin2015,SeedsEcologicalResearchofSheepgrasswaspublishedbyProfessorJixiangLinandChunshengMu.In2017,QuestionsandAnswersofSheepgrassPlantingTechnologywaspublishedbyGongsheLiuetal.Thepublicationofthispresentbook,Sheepgrass（Leymuschi-nensis）:

AnEnvironmentallyFriendlyNativeGrassforAnimals,isanadditionalcontributiontotheexistingsheepgrassresearch.ThesebasicandappliedviiiachievementsonsheepgrassresearchcontributedtothefeaturesandadvantagesofthenativegrassresearchinChina.Consistedmainlyofresearchreviews,thisbookfeaturesthesystematicandcon-clusiveintegrationsbasedonthepreviousstudiesonsheepgrass.InordertohaveafullcoverageonsheepgrassresearchinChina,thereiscertainoverlapbetweenthisbookandthetwopreviousvolumesofStudiesonGermplasmResourcesofLeymuschinensispublishedinChinese.Intheconvenienceforthereadersandalsowithrespectforintellectualproperty,IcitedtheoriginalpublicationsasfaraspossibleinthisbookinordertopresentthecomprehensiveknowledgesandresearchworksofsheepgrasstotheEnglishreaders.Theauthorsofthisbookarenearly30scientistsandexpertsfrom17institutes,includingCASInstituteofBotany,InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,andNortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgroecology,PekingUniversity,LanzhouUniversity,ShanghaiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,GuangdongAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,etc.Dr.XiaoxiaLihascontributedagreatdealoftimeandeffortstoorganizethecontents.Thankstohertremendouseffortsandcontinuouscoordination,thebookwaseditedincooperationamongauthors.Alloftheauthorsworkedhardwithprecisionandmotivation,andhere,Ideeplyappreciatetheircon-tributionstothisbook.ThisbookissupportedbytheNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina（“973”program）,NationalHighTechnologyResearchandDevelopmentProgramofChina（“863”program）,NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,ProjectofAgriculturalOfficeChineseAcademyofSciences,FundingProjectoftheTransformationofScientificandTechnologicalAchievementsoftheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofChina,NationalSpecialProjectforTransgenicTechnologyofChina,ProjectofMinistryofAgricultureofChina,etc.,whichIdeeplythank.ProfessorGermanSpangenberg,anacademicianoftheAustralianAcademyofSciences,isalsothemainfounderandleaderoftheInternationalMolecularBreedingofForageandTurfConference.Heisveryfamiliarwith,andsupports,theprataculturalscienceandhightechnologyinChina.Ithankhimverymuchforwrit-ingtheforewordforthisbookdespitehisbusyschedule.Isincerelythankallthefollowingcolleagueswhoofferedtheirhelpandsupport:

JizhouRen,ZhibiaoNan,JingyunFang,ZhicaiWang,ZongliWang,WeiweiLi,XinshiLu,Xiu-QingLi（Canada）,ZengyuWang（USA）,AlanStewart（NewZealand）,etc.Iwillalwaysremembertheirpursuitinpratacultureandtheirsupportforthesheepgrassresearchandindustrialdevelopment.Mygreatestgratitudegoestomywife,Yanyan,andmyson,Yifei.Alongwithmymanyrelativesandfriends,theyarethestrongbackupsformyworkandlife.Isin-cerelythankthemall.IwouldalsoliketothankthestaffatSpringerfortheirhelpandsupport.2018.11.30Beijing,ChinaGongsheLiuAcknowledgmentixAbstractSheepgrass（Leymuschinensis（Trin.）Tzvel）isakeyspeciesintheeasternpartoftheEurasiansteppeandiswidelydistributedinNorthChina.Ithasextensiveadapt-ability,highanimalhusbandryvalue,andecologicalenvironmentvalue.Inthepast30years,Chinesescientistscollectedandevaluatedthousandsofwildsheepgrassgermplasmresources.Alargeamountofbasicresearchaboutsexualreproduction,highyield,quality,andabioticstresshadbeencarriedout.Variousnewvarietiesfordifferentregionshavebeendevelopedandarein