JAMA Network - AMA Manual of Style_ A Guide for Authors and Editors-OUP USA (2020).pdf

1、AMA Manual ofStyleA Guide for Authors andEditors11th Edition JAMA Network EditorsStacy L.Christiansen,MACheryl Iverson,MAAnnette Flanagin,RN,MAEdward H.Livingston,MDLauren Fischer,BA,BSConnie Manno,ELSBrenda Gregoline,ELSTracy Frey,BAPhil B.Fontanarosa,MD,MBARoxanne K.Young,ELS JAMA Network tm1A Gui

2、de for Authorsand EditorsJAMA Network Editors JAMA Network tm1 1thEditionAMA Manual of Style 1JAMA Network tmOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.It furthersthe Universitys objective of excellence in research,scholarship,and educationby publishing worldwide.Oxford is a

3、 registered trade mark of Oxford UniversityPress in the UK and certain other countries.Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press198 Madison Avenue,NewYork,NY 10016,United States of America.American Medical Association 2020Tenth Edition published in 2007All rights reserved.

4、No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored ina retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,without theprior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,or as expressly permittedby law,by license,or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproductionrights organization

5、.Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of theabove should be sent to the Rights Department,Oxford University Press,at theaddress above.You must not circulate this work in any other formand you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

6、 DataNames:American Medical Association.Title:AMA manual of style:a guide for authors and editors/JAMA Network editors.Other titles:Manual of styleDescription:11th edition/Stacy L.Christiansen,Cheryl Iverson,Annette Flanagin,Edward H.Livingston,Lauren Fischer,Connie Manno,Brenda Gregoline,Tracy Frey

7、,Phil B.Fontanarosa,Roxanne K.Young.|New York:Oxford University Press,2020|Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers:LCCN 2019028351(print)|LCCN 2019028352(ebook)|ISBN 9780190246556(hardback)|ISBN 9780190246563(hardback)|ISBN 9780190246594(epub)Subjects:LCSH:Medical writingHandbooks,

8、manuals,etc.|AuthorshipStyle manuals.Classification:LCC R119.A533 2020 (print)|LCC R119 (ebook)|DDC 808.06/661dc23 LC record available at https:/lccn.loc.gov/2019028351LC ebook record available at https:/lccn.loc.gov/20190283529 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Printed by LSC Communications,United States of America v

9、ForewordIdentifying the benchmark,the“gold standard,”in any discipline,is difficult.There are often numerous reference books and well-recognized and validated measures of diseases and disorders,but that single best resource can be elusive.However,the AMA Manual of Style,since its inaugural version i

10、n 1962,and with this 11th edition,is truly the standard,and in the words of one colleague,“the bible of medical publishing.”Written by the editorial staff at JAMA and the JAMA Network including physicians,manuscript editing managers,and current and former managing editors it is the single most compr

11、ehensive text focused solely on medical publishing.In 2018 Itraveled to a meeting held at a start-up that was involved in health and wellness marketing.What did Isee 5 copies of the AMA Manual of Style.When Iasked why so many copies,the response was,“They are always in use;it has everything related

12、to medical publishing.What more could we need?”Dangling participles,malapropisms,misuse of hyphens and commas,and cap-italization errors:I commit each of these sins daily.Is it two or 2,affect or effect,which or that?Are book titles set in roman or italic type?How do you capitalize and punctuate ema

13、il?When is causal language appropriate to be used in a re-search report?Do Iuse an SI unit or a conventional unit?What is the best way to display data?How do Ihandle an author dispute or determine if permission to republish part of a figure is needed?Was the correct statistical analysis used for a s

14、pecific study?These puzzling questions come up every day in medical publishing and manuscript editing.The AMA Manual of Style answers these questions and thousands more.Communication of medical information has changed radically over the past decade.The emergence of the internet and digital publishin

15、g changed forever how information is communicated.Reliance on a print copy of a journal is no more.The content of many journals is now“pushed”to many audiences via the internet,social media,news media,and email(or e-mail,which is it?see chapter8.3).Transmission of information,which used to be confin

16、ed to the printed word,now includes online synopses of articles,podcasts,videos,visual abstracts,and con-tent translated into other languages.In the chapters on Manuscript Preparation;References;Editorial Assessment and Processing;Editing,Proofreading,Tagging,and Display;and the Glossary of Publishi

17、ng Terms many of these new forms of communication are discussed.The book is comprehensive.Since the publication of the last edition,old is-sues,including conflict of interest and scientific misconduct,have reemerged with additional and important concerns.New and evolving issues,such as open access,p

18、reprint servers,team science,open peer review,data sharing,and new rules for protecting participants rights in research have come to the fore.These and re-lated issues are discussed in depth in the chapter Ethical and Legal Considerations vi Forewordand are also addressed in the chapters on Manuscri

19、pt Preparation and Editorial Assessment and Processing.For an author,editor,or publisher working in the field of medical publishing,the 23 chapters in this volume should help answer questions that arise in daily work as well as those that occur infrequently.There is guidance on citing sources;data d

20、isplays(graphical and tabular);grammar,punctuation,plurals,and capitali-zation;correct and preferred usage;abbreviations;nomenclature(from genetics to organisms to oncology);copyright,licensing,and permissions;units of measure;numbers,study design,and statistics;equations;and electronic editing and

21、proof-reading.The book concludes with a list of other resources that may be helpful to authors and editors.During my tenure I have had the good fortune of working with some great writers Don Berwick,Tony Fauci,Phil Fontanarosa,Larry Gostin,Mary McDermott,Abraham Verghese,and Jody Zylke.For them Isus

22、pect writing comes naturally;they are simply gifted communicators.But for most people,writing particularly medical writing is a learned skill.There are many nuances,including high-level organizational structure,reporting standards,and correct usage of med-ical terminology,as well as paragraph transi

23、tions,syntax,word choice,verb tense,and punctuation use.For the vast majority of authors and editors of scientific com-munication,this edition of the AMA Manual of Style will be of great assistance.It has been my privilege to work with the authors of this book.They have taught me much about medical

24、editing and publishing.In the field of medical jour-nalism and communication,the AMA Manual of Style is indispensable.It should be on the shelf of every editor and publisher and available to authors worldwide.Howard Bauchner,MDEditor in ChiefJAMA and the JAMA NetworkviiPrefaceOpening any new book ca

25、n be cause for excitement.But for an editor,opening a new edition of a style manual has an added frisson.What is new?Have gaps been filled?Have policies that may have seemed outdated or stodgy been freshened?These questions can only be answered by frequent use,but to provide a quick overview here is

26、 a short list of what you will find in this 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style.The hyphen has been removed from email,although it is retained for other e-combinations(eg,e-cigarette).Both internet and website are lowercased(and the former Web site is now one word).The mandate for a single corre

27、sponding author has been relaxed.Two corre-sponding authors may be listed if justified,with one author designated as the primary point of contact responsible for all communication about the manu-script and article.This person will be listed first in the Corresponding Author section of the published

28、article.Because it has become increasingly common for authors to request“co first au-thorship”or“co senior authorship,”such designations will now be allowed,but one persons name will need to go first in the byline.The death dagger in the byline for a deceased author has been discontinued.If it is de

29、sired to note the death of an author,this may be done in the Acknowledgment section.Location of the publisher for books and reports is no longer required in references.Location of the manufacturer of drugs and equipment and devices is no longer required in text.ADOI(digital object identifier)should

30、be included for journal references if available.Because the ability to easily and accurately copy and paste DOIs is important,a period should not be included after the DOI;the risk of the period becoming a part of the DOI itself is too great and could create problems with linking.When a URL is inclu

31、ded for references,it should be preceded by the date the reference was published and/or last updated and accessed.This would make the URL the last item in the reference citation and,as with DOIs,it should not be followed by a period to avoid confusion with linking.Guidance on citing preprints,databa

32、ses,data repositories,podcasts,apps and interactive games,and popular social media(eg,Facebook,blogs,YouTube,and Twitter)has been added to the References chapter.viii Preface In tables and figures,sentence-style capitalization will be used in all elements except the title(eg,axis labels,column headi

33、ngs).This makes long phrases easier to read.In the chapter on Tables,Figures,and Multimedia,new examples of the following types of figures have been added:hybrid graph(2 techniques are overlaid),flowchart for a clinical trial in which participants were allocated vs randomized,funnel plot,genetic heat map,network map,gel electrophoresis images,mag-netic resonance images,radiographs,ultrasonographic