直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习题.docx

直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习题.docx

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直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习题

直接引语和间接引语

一、定义

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：

一是直接引语（DirectSpeech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；

二是间接引语（IndirectSpeech），即用自己的话加以转述，一般不用引号。

二、直接引语转换为间接引语时，有以下几种变化：

1）人称

　　人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。

　　“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：

　　Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”

　　→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.

　　“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。

如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：

　　HesaidtoKate，"Howisyoursisternow?

"

　　→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.

Theteachersaid,“Don’tspeaksoloudly!

”

→Theteacheraskedusnottospeaksoloudly.

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：

　　Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”

　　→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.

2）时态

　　直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。

基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。

如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。

　　1.Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.

　　　（现在完成→过去完成）

　　2.Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.

　　　（一般现在→一般过去）

　　3.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend。

”

　　　→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.（一般将来→过去将来）

　　　但要注意在以下几种情况下。

在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

　　　①直接引语是客观真理。

如：

　　　“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteacher

　　　toldme.

　　　→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundthe

　　　earth。

　　　②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

如：

　　　Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?

”

　　　→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.

　　　③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

如：

　　　XiaoWangsaid，“IwasbornonApril20,1980.”

　　　→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.

　　　④直接引语如果是一般现在时。

表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。

如：

　　　Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”

　　　→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.

　　　⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：

oughtto，hadbetter，usedto）和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：

could,should,would,might）不再变。

如：

　　　Petersaid，“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”

　　　→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.

3）句型：

　　①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如：

　　　Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”

　　　→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.

　　②直接引语如果是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反义疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语

　　　从句.如：

　　　Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?

”→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.

　　　“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyou?

”mymotherasked.

　　　→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.

　　　“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?

”

　　　→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.

　　③直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

　　　Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?

”

　　　→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.

　　④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.（not）todosth.”句型。

　　　如：

　　　“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.

　　　→Shetold（ordered）thechildrennottomakeanynoise.

　　　“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.

　　　→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.

　　⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）。

”如：

　　　Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”

　　　→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.

　　　→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.

4）其它

　　直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：

　　指示代词　　　this---that　　　these---those

　　表示时间的词　now---then　　　today---thatday

　　　　　　　　　thisweek（month,etc.）---thatweek（month,etc.）

　　　　　　　　　yesterday---thedaybefore

　　　　　　　　　lastweek（month）---theweek（month）before

　　　　　　　　　threedays（ayear）ago---threedays（ayear）before

　　　　　　　　　tomorrow---thenext（following）day

　　　　　　　　　nextweek（month）---thenext（following）week（month）

　　表地点的词　　here---there

　　动词　　　　　bring---takecome---gomust---haveto

三、练习

1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：

1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.

Hesaidthat______never______meat.

2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.

He______methathe__________________wallet.

3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.

Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.

4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”

Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.

5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.

He______methathe______mettheday______.

6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.

HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.

7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.

Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.

8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?

”hesaid.

He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.

9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”

He______Jimthathe______sitthere

10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?

”

Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.

11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?

”heasked.

Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.

12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?

”heasked.

Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.

13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.

He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.

14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.

Shetoldme___________________himthenews.

15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?

”hesaid.

He____________Iwasinterestedin______.

2）把直接引语转换为间接引语

1．Hesaid:

“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”

2．Shesaid:

“Hewillbebusy.”

3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?

”

4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?

”

5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?

”

6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”

7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”

8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”

9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”

10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”

11．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.

12．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”

13．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.

14．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.

15．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?

”theoldmanaskedmybrother.

3）选择题

1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.

A.bring                     B.brought                 C.bring                     D.tobring

2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.

A.notplay                 B.nottoplay                    C.played                   D.playing

3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?

A.Doyouknowhow B.Whydoyouknow  C.Howyouknowwhy      D.Doyouknowwhy

4.Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?

A.whatitis               B.itiswhat               C.howitis                D.itishow

5.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.

A.nottocome           B.nottogo                C.tonotcome           D.tonotgo

6.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.

A.weatherthemoongoes                              B.thatthemoonwent

C.whetherthemoongoes                             D.whetherthemoonwent

7.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.

A.asked;take            B.asked;taking          C.told;take               D.told;totake

8.Sheaskedhim____.

A.whosedictionarythisis                              B.whosedictionarythatwas

C.whosedictionaryisthis                              D.whosedictionarythatis

9.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.

A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomework

C.ifshehadfinishedherhomework                D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework

10.Doyouknow____?

A.whatishedoing                                        B.whathedoing

C.whatheisdoing                                        D.whatdoeshedonow

11.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.

A.whendidhebegin  B.whenhebegan       C.hewhenbegan       D.whenhebegins

12.Heaskedme____.

A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow    B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextday

C.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow    D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday

13.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.

A.howexcitedtheywere                               B.howexcitedwerethey

C.howtheywereexcited                               D.theywerehowexcited

14.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.

A.hadbeenseenoff   B.haveseenoff         C.havebeenseenoff  D.hadseenoff

15.Doyourememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?

A.hadyoubeen         B.didyougo                    C.haveyoubeen        D.youhavebeen

16.Canyouguess____?

A.whatisthatman     B.whothatmanis      C.whomthatmanis   D.whoisthatman

17.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.

A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageare        B.howtheforeignlanguageisimportant

C.howimportanttheforeignlanguageis          D.howimportantistheforeignlanguage

18.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.

A.was;had               B.was;hadhad          C.is;have                 D.is;havehad

19.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.

A.if;ornot                B.if;not                    C.whether;ornot             D.whether;not

20.Iwonderhowmuch_____.

A.doeshespendonhiscar                            B.didhespendonhiscar

C.hespentonhiscar                                    D.hespentinhiscar

【参考答案】

1.he,ate                                        2.told,had,found,his 

3.she,had,taken                            4.rise,goes 

5.told,had,before