直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习题.docx

1、直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习题直接引语和间接引语一、定义引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；二是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，一般不用引号。二、直接引语转换为间接引语时，有以下几种变化：1）人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She sa

2、id her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then.The teacher said, “Dont speak so loudly!”The teacher asked us not to speak so loudly.“第三人称不更新”是

3、指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.2）时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. （现在完成 过去完

4、成）2. She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. (一般现在 一般过去)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。” She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来) 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. T

5、he teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I w

6、as born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：

7、 Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.3）句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反义疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you

8、swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim.“You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈

9、述句语序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” sa

10、id she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.4)其它直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：指示代词 this -that these - those表示时间的词 now - then

11、today - that day this week(month, etc.) - that week (month, etc.) yesterday - the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago - three days(a year)before tomorrow - the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词 here - there动词 bring - tak

12、e come - go must-have to三、练习1) 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the e

13、ast and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He

14、 said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he

15、 asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you interested

16、 in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.2)把直接引语转换为间接引语1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” 2She said: “He will be busy.” 3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 6The teacher said to the students, “Dont was

17、te your time.” 7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” 10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 11He said to me, “I was born in 1978. 12The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967

18、.” 13He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. 14She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once. 15“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother. 3）选择题1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy

19、 students _ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is

20、 what C. how it is D. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. M

21、r. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _.A. that whether she had finished her h

22、omework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doing B. what he doingC. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when b

23、egan D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how

24、 excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you been B. did

25、you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the

26、 foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car【参考答案】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before