佛山市最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

佛山市最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

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佛山市最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案

佛山市最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   "Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberudetosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedbysimplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthehadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.

   Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinesstomedicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participantsrecordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiencesoverthecourseofthatday.

   Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalfhadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvariousmeans,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.

   Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.

   Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.

   Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocanlimitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement（强化）andbuildacivilworkplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsandhelpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.

（1）WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?

A. Thepopularityofrudeness.                             B. Aregularcauseofrudeness.

C. Anewfindingaboutrudeness.                       

D. Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.

（2）Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?

A. Tomakethemspreadrudeness.

B. Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.

C. Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.

D. Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.

（3）Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?

A. Beingunwillingtowork.                                 

B. Poorabilitytodotheirwork.

C. Seriousemotionalsufferings.                          D. Lessinteractionwithothers.

（4）Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?

A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.

B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.

C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.

D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，关于“无礼”行为作为一种“传染性”行为是可以避免的。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebadbehavior”你甚至不必成为不良行为的目标，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了这种无礼行为的“传染性”之后，是在引出一项关于这种行为的新发现。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上，参与者还观看了一段描述某种工作场所互动的短视频；第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday…”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为……和第五段中的“Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.”然而，并不是所有的参与者都受到了粗鲁视频的影响。

可知，让参与者观看视频是为了让他们受到更多的影响而研究他们的情绪变化。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为，而且他们也更有可能逃离同事，以免自己成为无礼行为的受害者。

他们报告说，他们的整体工作因此受到影响。

可知，一些参与者在观看视频之后会逃避与人交流以免成为受影响者。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究开始前几周，参与者完成了一项评估，评估内容包括他们的自信心和情绪稳定性等。

在这项评估中得分较高的参与者受粗鲁行为影响的可能性明显较低。

可知，不易受到影响的人较为冷静沉着。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

   TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

   JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

   Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

   Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

   "Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.

   Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?

A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.

（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?

A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.                                 

B. Theytendtolivelonger.

C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.                      D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?

A. Sloweddown.     

B. Goneupwards.     

C. Changedtothecontrary.     

D. Cometolifeagain.

（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?

A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.

B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.

C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.

D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。

我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。

如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。

一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。

"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。

可知，reversed的意思是"反转"。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdied,Icouldn'tunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeup,mylaughturnedintocrying.

   Soitcameasnosurprisetolearnthatresearchersbelievecryingandlaughingcomefromthesamepartofthebrain.Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantages,scientistsarediscoveringthatso,too,doescrying.

   Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotionalhealth,andcryingseemstoworkwell.Onestudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.

   Besides,tearsattracthelpfromotherpeople.Researchersagreethatwhenwecry,peoplearoundusbecomekinderandfriendlierandtheyaremorereadytoprovidesupportandcomfort.Tearsalsoenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter;sometimeswedon'tevenknowwe'reverysaduntilwecry.Welearnaboutouremotionsthroughcrying,andthenwecandealwiththem.

   Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying-holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering-canbebadforphysicalhealth,Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsan