菏泽市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

菏泽市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

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菏泽市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案

菏泽市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

   TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

   JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

   Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

   Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

   "Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.

   Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?

A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.

（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?

A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.                                 

B. Theytendtolivelonger.

C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.                      D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?

A. Sloweddown.     

B. Goneupwards.     

C. Changedtothecontrary.     

D. Cometolifeagain.

（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?

A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.

B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.

C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.

D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。

我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。

如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。

一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。

"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。

可知，reversed的意思是"反转"。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Asweknow,JulianBeeverisaninternationalwell-knownsidewalkchalkartistwhosedrawingshaveappearedonthestreetsofLondon,BuenosAires,Paris,NewYork,andcountlessothercitiesaroundtheworld.Beevercreatesdrawingsthatlookcompletelythree-dimensionalwhenseenfromthecorrectangle.

   Now,inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:

Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces,Hereareafewexamplesyou'llfindinthebook.

  ●Philadelphiaeagle

   InPennsylvania,Beevercreated"Philadelphiaeagle"ahugedrawingwithaneaglelandingsuccessfullyonanAmericannationalflag.

  ●MeetingMr.Frog

   "MeetingMr.Frog"wascreatedinSalamanca,Spain,andisaboutarealistic-lookingfrogsittingonaLilypad.

   Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet

   Mypersonalfavoriteis"Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet"fromBrussels,whichisaboutawomanrelaxinginaswimmingpool-----aswimmingpoolsunkintothemiddleofthestreet,thatis!

   Alongwithanintroductionabouthisbackground,Beeverincludesadescriptionofthetechniquesheusedandthechallengesheovercamewitheverydrawing.HesharesinformationabouthistimeathomeintheUK.andabroad;thereisafunstorytobackupeachpieceofart.

   Beever'sartworkistrulyjawdropping.You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk.Fromanimalstosuperheroestofamousbuildings,thepaintingsareawondertolayeyeson.

   Paymentchalkartist:

Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeeverissurelyworthalook.Andanotherlook.This112-pagehardcoverbookisavailablenowfromFireflyBooksatalistpriceof$29.95

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutthebookmentionedinthetext?

A. Ithasapapercover.                                         

B. Ithasn'tbeenpublished.

C. Itincludessomedrawingtechniques.            

D. It'sabiographyofJulianBeever.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"jawdropping"mostprobablymean?

A. Romantic.                      

B. Amazing.                      

C. Frightening                      

D. Depressing.

（3）Wecaninferthatthetextis______.

A. abookreview                                                   

B. adescriptionofstreetart

C. anadvertisementforanewbook                   D. anintroductiontoanartist

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文， Julian Beever是一个国际知名的粉笔艺术家，他的三维绘画作品已经出现在伦敦，布宜诺斯艾利斯，巴黎，纽约，和世界各地的无数城市的街头。

而在他的新书中这位艺术家也和读者分享了一些他最迷人的和幽默的作品。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:

Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces”,可知JulianBeever以绘画而闻名，而他的书中也涵盖了一些他的作品，选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据倒数第二段中的“You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk”可知读者会惊讶于逼真的三维设计，会反复地翻看，由此判断选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

文章开头介绍了著名的画家，然后通篇介绍他的新书内容，而且文章最后还介绍了书的价格以及去哪里可以购买到此书，由此判断该文是一篇介绍书的广告，选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．（2019•天津）阅读理解

   Howdoesanecosystem（生态系统）work?

Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?

Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?

Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

   Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物）,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.

   Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

   Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

   Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点）,itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

（1）Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs？

A. Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

B. Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.

C. Theapproachest