北京高三二模阅读CD汇编word版有答案.docx

北京高三二模阅读CD汇编word版有答案.docx

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北京高三二模阅读CD汇编word版有答案

2019北京高三二模阅读CD汇编

2019二模海淀C

It’scommonknowledgethatthewomanin LeonardodaVinci’smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat’s15.4degreesofftotheobserver’sright—welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,“She’snotlookingatyou.”Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson’sgaze（凝视）inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”.Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,the MonaLisaeffect occurs.

Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon’tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside—surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn’tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.

Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationof artificial-intelligenceavatars（虚拟头像） whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa”andrealizedshewasn’tlookingathim.

Tomakesureitwasn’tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onacomputerscreen.TheysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersectedMonaLisa’sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthat thewomaninthe“MonaLisa”portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.

Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?

Horstmannisn’tsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”justthoughtitwasacoolname.

38.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”___________.

A.attractstheviewerstolookback

B.seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyes

C.fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewers

D.looksattheviewerswherevertheystand

39.WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?

A.B.C.D.

40.Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto______.

A.confirmHorstmann’sbelief

B.createartificial-intelligenceavatars

C.calculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgaze

D.explainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied

41.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Horstmannthinksit’scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.

B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationof artificialintelligence.

C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.

D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers’judgement.

2019二模海淀D

WhataMessyDeskSaysAboutYou

Forsometime,psychologistshavebeenstudyinghowpersonalitytraitsaffecthealthandhealth-relatedchoices.Notsurprisingly,theyhavefoundthatpeopleblessedwithinnateconscientiousness,meaningthattheyareorganizedandpredictable,typicallyeatbetterandlivelongerthanpeoplewhoaredisorderly.Theyalsotendtohaveimmaculateoffices.

Whathasbeenlesscleariswhetherneatenvironmentscanproducegoodhabitseveninthosewhoaren’tnecessarilyinnatelyconscientious.Tofindout,researchersattheUniversityofMinnesotaconductedaseriesofexperiments.Inthefirstexperiment,theyrandomlyassignedagroupofcollege-agestudentstospendtimeintwoofficespaces,oneofwhichwasveryneat,theotherwildlycluttered（乱堆）withpapersandotherwork-relatedstuff.Thestudentsspenttheirtimefillingoutquestionnairesunrelatedtothestudy.After10minutes,theyweretoldtheycouldleavewithanappleorachocolatebar.Thosestudentswhosatintheorderlyofficeweretwiceaslikelytochoosetheappleasthosewhosatamongthemess.

Asecondexperiment,however,foundthatworkinginchaoshasitsadvantages,too.Inthisone,collegestudentswereplacedinamessyoraneatofficeandaskedtodreamupnewusesforPing-Pongballs.Thoseinmessyspacesgeneratedideasthatweresignificantlymorecreative,accordingtotwoin