北京高三二模阅读CD汇编word版有答案.docx

1、北京高三二模阅读CD汇编word版有答案 2019北京高三二模阅读CD汇编2019 二模海淀 CIts common knowledge that the woman inLeonardo da Vincis most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the wo

2、man in the painting is actually looking out at an angle thats 15.4 degrees off to the observers rightwell outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “Shes not looking at you.” This is somewhat

3、ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a persons gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait

4、 from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the persons gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, theMona Lisa effectoccurs.This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel tha

5、t a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you dont cut the gaze of the character to that sidesurprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isnt looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead.Horstmann and his co-author were studying this

6、effect for its application in the creation ofartificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像)when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasnt looking at him.To make sure it wasnt just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen. They set

7、a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisas gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisas gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the res

8、earchers found, participants judged thatthe woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isnt sure. Its possible, he said, that people have the desire to be l

9、ooked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name. 38. It is generally believed that the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”_.A. attracts the viewers to look backB. seems mysterious because of

10、 her eyesC. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewersD. looks at the viewers wherever they stand39. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D.40. The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to_. A. confirm Horstmanns belief B. create artificial-intelligence avata

11、rs C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisas gaze D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied41. What can we learn from the passage?A. Horstmann thinks its cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation ofartificial intelligence.C. Feeling being gazed

12、at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers judgement.2019 二模海淀 DWhat a Messy Desk Says About YouFor some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and health-related choices. No

13、t surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices.What has been less clear is whether neat environments can

14、 produce good habits even in those who arent necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of college-age students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which

15、 was very neat, the other wildly cluttered (乱堆) with papers and other work-related stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office

16、were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess.A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for Ping-Pong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly more creative, according to two in