最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选含答案100.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选含答案100.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解精选含答案100

最新高考英语阅读理解精选含答案100

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   EngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaper-basedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.

   Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.

   "Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"Choisays."Theyarecheapandself-repairing."Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.

   Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.

   Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正负极）.They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.

（1）Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?

A. Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.    

B. Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.

C. Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.       

D. Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.

（2）Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?

A. Powertinydevices.                                           

B. Lowerbloodsugarlevels.

C. Producemuchelectricity.                                

D. Changechemicalsinthepaper.

（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Theapplicationofthenewbattery.                B. Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.

C. Theintentiontoinventthedevice.                 D. Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。

研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。

该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第四段中的"Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。

因此，科学家们"Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。

由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。

作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•天津）阅读理解

   WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？

Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

   Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？

   We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

   Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

   Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

   Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

   Manyofusequate（视……等同于）"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

（1）ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.

A. lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B. ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C. miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D. disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？

A. Endone'sstruggleforliberty.                          B. Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C. Misstheopportunitytosucceed.                   

D. Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

（3）WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A. Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B. Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C. Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D. Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

（4）WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A. Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B. Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C. Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D. Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

（5）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A. Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B. Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C. Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D. Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

（5）考查主旨大意。

本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Duringthisshoppingseason,salesmenwillcomeupwithdifferentstrategiestogetyourbusiness.Manyproductcompaniesusespecificcolorstocausepositiveemotionsandcompeteforasale.However,sightisnottheonlysensory（感官的）retailthatcompaniesuse.Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.

   NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlierthisyearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenthesmelloflavender（薰衣草）wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn't.Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemsandtheamountoftheirpurchases.AnearlierstudyusingNikeshoesfoundthatconsumersdesiredtheshoesmore,andwerewillingtopaymore,whentheroomhadamixedsmellofflowers.Realizingthesubconsciousimpactofsmell,manystoresapplyartificialscents（气味）throughtheirheatingandair-conditioningvents（通风口）orplacescentmachinesabovetheirdoors.Forinstance,acoconutsce