最新高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案.docx
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最新高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案
最新高考英语专题复习阅读理解(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshowtremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchasmeadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.
"Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects(多米诺效应)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherishbirdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?
"
Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellasfromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromtheNorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themainsourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.
Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossanddegradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Otherstudieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation(捕食)bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive(普遍的)useofpesticidesassociatedwithwidespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedtocompoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirdsneedtosurvive.
"It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreachesfarbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigratethroughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbeantoCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.
(1)Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.
A.improvement
B.worsening
C.changed
D.threat
(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.
B.Applicationsoftheresearch.
C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.
D.Methodsoftheresearch.
(3)WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat___________.
A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter
B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders
C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations
D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。
发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示,美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了,鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失,作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫,需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects(多米诺效应)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoods”可知,解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫,人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康,这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统,可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化,故选B。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第三段“在过去10年中,在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测,以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献,分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据,这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。
”可知,本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:
bringingourbirdsback.”可知,鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力,把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标:
把鸟类带回来,所以解决这个危机需要国际合作,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.假定你是李华,收到英国笔友George的邮件,请你介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。
请给他写一封邮件。
注意:
⒈词数100左右;
⒉可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
DearGeorge,
Yours,
LiHua
【答案】DearGeorge,
Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.
WeChineseliketogettogetherwithourfamilyverymuch,especiallyonimportantdayssuchasfestivalsandbirthdays.Mostofthetime,webringgiftstotheeldersandthekids.Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymemberstogether.Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable.Adultschattingandchildrenplayingaround,thisisthetypicalsceneofahappyfamilygathering.
Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!
Yours,
LiHua
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件,要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友George写一封邮件,介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。
考生要认真阅读提示,列出提纲和要点,并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力,灵活运用英语知识,采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。
写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用,主次分明,同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词,适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全,上下文连贯,使用一定数量的句式结构,让句子更加生动丰满,同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语,提高文章的档次,体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。
例如:
Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.运用了现在分词作原因状语和宾语从句; Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymemberstogether.运用了非限制性定语从句;Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable.运用了倒装句,并列句和限制性定语从句;Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!
运用了祈使句和并列句。
3.(2019•北京)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.
Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.
Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.
StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging."shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."
(1)Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?
A. Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.
B. Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.
C. Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.
D. Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?
A. Sensitive
B. Beneficial
C. Significant
D. Unnoticeable
(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges
C. Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate
D. Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.
(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A. Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges
B. Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain
C. Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans
D. Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项最新研究表明,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。
但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。
(1)段落大意题。
第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知,到本世纪末,一项新的研究表明,由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
再根据第二段中的“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。
海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。
由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。
故选B。
(2)词义猜测题。
根据第三段中的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。
由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swamningtrend”可知,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。
故选A。
(3)推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittle phytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测,目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。
但是在一些水域,比如北极,气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,而这些水域会变得更绿了”。
由此可推断,浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,浮游动植物就更多了,这些水域会变得更绿了。
故选D。
(4)主旨大意题。
第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluer