医学英语 构词法学生用.docx

医学英语 构词法学生用.docx

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医学英语构词法学生用

Prefixes:

Thefollowingaresomeexamplesofwordscontainingprefixesshowingpositionandtheirdefinitions.

Word

Definition

Word

Definition

Aboral

awayfromthemouth

Infusion

steepingasubstanceinwater

Adduction

movementofalimbtowardamedianline

Inhale

todrawinbreath

Adoral

nearordirectedtowardthemouth（or）

Laterotorsion

twistingtooneside

Alloantigen

occursinsomebutnotothersofsamespecies

Levorotation

turningortwistingtotheleft

Allopathy

seconddisease,conditionthatisincompatiblewithfirst

Opisthotonos

aspasminwhichthespineandextremitiesarebent

Antebrachium

forearm

Perinatal

timeperiodbefore,duringorafterthetimeofbirth

Antepartum

beforechildbirth

Periodontal

aroundamouth

Antitoxic

neutralizingtheactionofapoison

Peroral

throughthemouth

Apophysis

anoutgrowthorprojection,especiallyfromabone

Postanaesthetic

afteranaesthetic

Contraception

preventionofconceptionorpregnancy

Postnasal

posteriorofthenasalcavity

Dextrogastria

displacementofthestomachtotheright

Precapillary

precedingacapillary

Diapedesis

thepassageofbloodthroughthewallsofbloodvessels

Predentin

organicfiberofdentinbeforeitscalcification

Dissect

tocutapartorseparatethetissueofabodyforstudy

Procephalic

relationingtotheanteriorpartofthehead

Dorsocephalad

towardthebackofthehead

Prochondral

developmentalstagepriortoformationofcartilage

Ecchondroma

outgrowthfromcartilage,massprotrudingfrombone

Recuperate

torecover,toregainhealthandstrength

Encephalopathy

anydiseaseofthebrain

Rehydration

returnofwatertoasystemafteritsloss

Endoderm

innermostoftheprimarylayersoftheembryo

Retrogression

previous,lesscomplexconditions

Epicranium

themuscle,aponeurosis,andskincoveringthecranium

Schizonychia

splittingofthenails

Excementosis

outgrowthofrootsurfaceofatooth

Schizophrenia

personalitydisorder,withdrawalfromoutsideworld

Heterocellular

occursinsomebutnotothersofthesamespecies

Transfusion

transferofblood

Heterotypic

differentorunusualtype

Homeostasis

stateofequilibriuminthebody

Homomorphic

twoormorestructuresofsimilarsize

Thefollowingaresomeexamplesofwordscontainingprefixesofdirectionandcolouralongwiththeirdefinitions.

Words

Definition

ankylosis

immobilityofajointduetoadisease

brachygnathia

abnormalshortnessofthelowerjaw

bradypnea

abnormalslownessofbreathing

chloroma

greenish-yellowtumourarisingfrommyeloidtissue

cirrhosis

hardeningofanorgan,especiallytheliver

cyanopsia

defectofvisioninwhichobjectsappeartingedwithblue

erythrocyte

redbloodcell

glaucoma

groupofeyediseases

kyphoscoliosis

backwardandlateralcurvatureofthespinalcolumn

leukomyelitis

inflammationofthewhitesubstanceofthespinalchord

melanin

darkpigmentoftheskin,hair,choroidcoatoftheeyesandvarioustumours.

orthodontist

adentistwhospecialistsinthebranchofdentistryconcernedwithirregularitiesofteethandmalocclusion

stenothorax

abnormalnarrownessofthechest

tachycardia

abnormallyrapidheartrate

Thefollowingillustrationsareofprefixesshowingmeasurement.

Word

Definition

Acardia

congenitalabsenceoftheheart

ambilateral

pertainingtooraffectingbothsides

amphibolic

havingbothananabolicandcatabolicfunction.

anisotropic

havingunlikepropertiesindifferentdirections

diplopia

perceptionoftwoimagesofasingieobject

hypodermic

appliedbelowtheskin

hyperthermia

veryhighbodytemperature

macrocephaly

excessivesizeofthehead

megakaryocyte

thegiantcellofbonemarrowcontainingagreatlylobulatednucleus,fromwhichmaturebloodplateletsoriginate

multi-infection

manyinfections

oligotrophy

insufficientnutrition

Inert

lackingthepowertomove

isoenergetic

exhibitingequalenergy

pananxiety

adiffuse,allpervadinganxiety

polyplegia

paralysisofseveralmuscles

primigravida

awomanpregnantforthefirsttime

protoneuron

thefirstneuroninaperipheralreflexarc

laymen’stermfirst

A-B

Laymen'sterm

Medicalsuffix

Laymen'sterm

Medicalsuffix

Laymen'sterm

Medicalsuffix

Abdomen

lapar-

back

dors-

black

melan-

above

super-

backward

retro-

bladder,sac

cysto-

above

supra-

band（fibrous）

fascia-

bladder,sac

vesic-

acros

trans-

before

pre-

blood

haemo-

agains

anti-

before

ante-

body

soma-

against

contra-

behind

post-

bone

osteo-

All

pan-

below

sub-

bonemarrow,

myelo-

arm

brachio-

beside

para-

both,two

bi-

around

circum-

between

inter-

bowlofkidney

pyelo-

around

peri-

bile

chole-

brain

cerebro-

artery

arterio-

bi