课外例子总结1.docx

课外例子总结1.docx

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课外例子总结1

课外例子

  Peoplesometimesask“whywastetimestudyingfossils?

”

   Studyingfossilsisfarfrombeingawasteoftime,becausemanyusefulfactscanbelearnedfromthem.Generallyspeaking,fossilsareespeciallyimportantbecausetheyaretheonlycluestotheexistenceandappearanceoflifeontheearthmillionsofyearsago.Whenarrangedinpropergeologicalorder,fossilsrevealhowlifesteadilydevelopedfromlowly-organizedprimevalcreaturestothecomplexanimalsoftoday.Suchknowledgehelpsusbettertocomprehendtheoriginsandevolutionoflife,andthisinturnhelpstounderstandalittleofwhatweourselvesare.

   Sincedifferentfossiltypesarefoundindifferentstrata,certaindistinctivefossilscanbeusedtoidentifydifferentkindsofsedimentaryrocks,includingthosebelowgroundlevelofseparatedbymilesofocean.Evenrocksatverygreatdepths,whenboredbythedrillsofengineers,canbeidentifiedbytheirfossilcontents.Fossilsarethereforevaluableaidstominingandpetroleumengineers.

1.用省译法翻译下列句子。

1）Allbodiesconsistsofmoleculesandtheseofatoms.

2）Incaseyoumovematter,workisdone.

3）Whenweareagaininapositiontosupply,weshallnotfailtogetintouchwithyou.

4）Smockingisnotallowedinthestore-house.

5）Itistimeforexperiment.

6）Weareenclosingourdesignsinduplicate.

7）Thegrouphasalargeinterestinthisdepartmentstore.

8）Itwasnotalwaysfullyoptimizedzedinearlieryears.

2.用增译法翻译下列句子。

1）Wehadasurveymeetingafterexperiment.

2）Thecrowdssuggestingsucharesearchplanmeltedaway.

3）Ifyouhadnotinterfered,hewouldnothavemadethismistake.

4）Hehasboughtarecorderandatelevisionset.

5）Therocketlandedonthemoon.

6）Theproblemwasbothpsychologicalandphysiological.

7）Ordinaryglassmustbefirstachromatizedtobecomeopticalglass.

8）Burned,fuelgiveoffheat.

3.用词类转换法翻译下列句子。

1）Hewasalwaysanunwelcomeintruder.

2）Thelowerreachesofriversshowconsiderablevariety.

3）Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist，hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

4）Hethenactedasareluctantinterpreterforadiscussion.

5）Themorecarbonthesteelcontain，theharderandstrongeritis.

6）Therealvictoryisnotoverone’sfellowrumorsbutoverone’sownbodyandmind.

7）Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthegrowthinpopulation.

8）Testsshowedthatthecoolingairmustflowatarateofatleast170m3/hr.

9）Thetermlaserstandsforlightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.

10）Itisamatterofcommonobservationthatgasesareperfectlyelastic.

I.PassiveSentences

Examples:

1.Heatandlightaregivenusbythesun.

2.Morethanonehundredelementshavebeenfoundbychemicalworkersatpresent.

3.Heatisrequiredtochangeicetowater.

4.Watercanbeshownascontainingimpurities.

5.Workisdone,whenanobjectislifted.

6.Theplasticsareheateduntiltheyaresoftenoughtobeshaped.

7.Byusingthisnewprocessthelossofmetalwasreducedto20percent.

8.Cuttingtoolsshouldbeinspectedcarefullypriortouse.

9.Thiskindoftubeischaracterizedbyitssimplicityofstructure.

10.Energyisdefinedastheabilitytodowork.

11.Thesamesignsandsymbolsofmathematicsrusedthroughouttheworld.

12.Arightkindoffuelisneededforanatomicreactor.

13.Computersarenowwidelyusedindifferentbranchofscience.

14.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleofthedangerofcigarettesmoking,especiallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.

15.Accountshouldbetakenofthelowmeltingpointofthissubstance.

16.Stressmustbelaidonthedevelopmentoftheelectronicsindustry.

17.Radiumwasdiscoveredin1898. 

18.Somesatelliteshavebeenlaunchedforcommunication.

19.Silverisknowntobebetterthancopperinconductivity.

20.Toexplorethemoon’ssurface,rocketswerelaunchedagainandagain.

21.Hewasseendesigninganewtypemachine.

Exercises:

1.    Theatomictheorywasnotaccepteduntilthe19thcentury.

2.    Thehypothesiswillberejectedifitisnotprovedbyanyexperiments.

3.    Naturallightor“whitelight”isactuallymadeupofmanycolors.

4.    Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.

5.    WiththepopularityofUSBperipherals,itisbelievedthatUSBinterfaceswouldbecomeastandardfeatureformonitorsandmanymakershavebuiltaUSBhubintotheirs.

6.    Attentionmustbepaidtotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.

7.    ThisinformationissenttoMicrosoftandusedtocreateareportforyou,detailinghowwellWindowsVistawillrunonyourcomputer.Inaddition,thisinformationisusedtohelpusimprovethenumberofdevicesandapplicationssupportedbyWindowsVista,toanalyzetrends,andtoimproveWindowsVistaperformance.

8.    Thetargetdetectiondeviceantennasareprovidedaroundtheforwardendofthewarheadcase.

9.    Allradiosetsusedlarge,heavyvacuumtubesbeforetransistorswereinvented.

10.  Thefieldofvisualizationshouldnotbesoabsorbedbythemiraclesthatareitstechnicalbasis.

11.  Withthepressureofmovementsintheearth’scrustandtheheatthispressurecaused,theselayerswereconvertedintopetroleum

12.  Bloodcirculationmaybedefinedasthecircularmovementofbloodaroundthebody.

II.AttributiveClauses

Examples:

1.Allsubstanceswhichcanconductelectricityarecalledconductors.

2.Iceisfrozenwaterorwaterthathasbecomesolid.

3.Theforcethatcauseseverythingtofalltowardthegroundiscalledgravity.

4.Theyareespeciallyinterestedinfindingcuresforillnesseswhichwesternmedicinehasfound“incurable”.

5.Hardenedvesselwallscauseariseinbloodpressurewhichmaybehighenoughtotermhypertension.

6.Acupuncture,whichisanoldChinesetreatment,issafe,simpleandeffective.

7.Penicillinisanantibiotic,whichisoneofthemostimportantanti-infectivedrugs.

8.Thekeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedintothenight.

9.ThecompanywasfoundedbeforetheLiberation,whoseproductsarewellreceived.

10.Theliquidfuelrocketisusedinanaircraftaswellasforresearchintheupperairandforputtingearthsatellitesintoorbits,whichiscontinuallybeingimproved.

11.TheWorldWarIIwasmorecomplexthantheWorldWarI,whichwasacollisionamongtheimperialistpowersoverthespoilsofmarkets,resourcesandterritories.

12.Therearesomemetalswhichpossessthepowertoconductelectricity.

13.OSHAhasqualifiedthenoiselevelinindustrywhichhasbecomeamajorconcernandconsiderationformanyhydrauliccontrolsmanufacturers.

14.Acat,whoseeyescantakeinmoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.

15.Alltheastronautswhohavespenttimeinartificialsatellitearetrainedscientists.

16.Manyofmainlineswhichpassoverthegreatestbridgesbroughtintoexistencewithoutthesestructures,whichthushavejustifiedtheimmensecostinvolved.

17.Diamondsalsohaveaveryhighnearresistancewhichcausesdiamondcuttingtoolstohaveaverylongtoollife.

18.Matterhascertainfeaturesorpropertiesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily.

19.Thebulbissometimesfilledwithaninertgaswhichpermitsoperationsatahighertemperature.

20.Thereisaminimumsizeforthereactoratwhichthechainreactionwilljustwork.

21.Agasoccupiesallofanycontainerinwhichitisplaced.

22.Themeltingpointofsteelthecarboncontentofwhichishigherislower.

23.Apolishedsurfacereflectsmoreheatthanadullsurface，which（=whileadullsurface）absorbsmoreheatthanapolishedsurface.

24.Trams，whichdisappearedfromBritainmanyyearsago，arestillusedinseveralEuropeancities.

25.Anelectricalcurrentbeginstoflowthroughcoil，which（=whenthecoil）isconnectedacrossachargedcondenser.

26.ThefactthatthenewalliancewaslocallygeneratedandsustainedshouldbeastronginducementtotheUSwhoseinterestsalreadydictatesuchsupport.

Exercises:

1.    Toanswersuchquestionsweshallhavetodothingstosubstancesthatwillrevealdifferencesnotdirectlyapparent.

2. Scientistsusemanytoolsformeasurement.Thenthemeasurementsareusedtomakemathematicalcalculationsthatmaytesthisinvestigations.

3. Friction,whichisoftenconsideredasatrouble,issometimesahelpintheoperationofmachines.

4. Theelectricityischangedintotheradio-frequencypowerwhichisthensentoutinformofradiowaves.

5.    Atransformercan’toperateondirectcurrent,whichwouldburnoutthewindingonit.

6.    Matterhascertainfeaturesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily.

7.    Thegeneratorisproducingelectricity,whichisusedforlighting.

8.    Piecesofironwhichareleftintherainbecomerusty.

9.    Thefactory,whichissmall,producesalargequantityofmachineseveryday.

10.  Theindividualthenexhaledintoaspirometer,whichmeasuresvolumeandrateofairexhalationandthesemeasurementswereautomaticallytransmittedtothecomputer.

III.LongSentences

Examples:

1.    Thecomputerperformsasupervisoryfunctionintheliquid-controlsystembyanalyzingtheprocessconditionsagainstdesiredperformancecriteriaanddeterminingthechangeinprocessvariablestoachieveoptimumoperation.

2.    AfurtherinferencewasdrawnbyPascalwhoreasonedthatifthis“seaofair”existed,itspressureatthebottomwouldbegreaterthanitspressurefurtherup,andthatthereforetheheightofmercurycolumnwoulddecreaseinproportiontotheheightabovethesea-level

3.    Inthischapter,we