if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气.docx
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if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种：
陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。
If引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
Ifhedoesn'thurryup,hewillmissthebus.（真实条件状语）
Ifhewasfree,heaskedmetotellstories.（真实条件状语）
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.（非真实条件状语从句）
Iftherewasnoair,peoplewoulddie.（非真实条件状语从句）
1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词
与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反动词过去式/（should/wereto）+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形
①与现在事实相反
IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoforawalk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。
（实际情况：
我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。
）
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。
（事实上我不可能是你。
）
Iwouldsaynoifsomeoneaskedmetobeinamovie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。
（事实上现虚拟语气
专项练习
1．Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.
A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe
2.morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
3.Ifhemetomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.
A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable
C.werenotableD.arenotable
4.Ifyouaskedyourfather,youpermission.
A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalled
D.maybeget
5.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves
6.Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were
7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendoneby
hand,all
practicalvalue
by
the
timetheywere
finished.
A.couldloseB
.wouldhavelost
C.mightlose
D.oughttohavelost
8.HadPaulreceived
sixmorevotes
in
the
lastelection,he
ourchairman
now.
A.musthavebeen
B.wouldhavebeen
C.were
D.wouldbe
9.IfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,you'd
thinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.
A.shouldn'tcontactB.didn'tcontact
C.weren'ttocontactD.hadn'tcontacted
10.heEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegone
totheconcertlastSunday
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
IfonlyIyouradvice
A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowed
D.havefollowed
12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeen
C.wereD.hadn'tcontacted
13.Ifthehorsewontoday,itthirtyracesin
fiveyears.
A.wouldhavewonB.won
C.musthavewonD.didhavewon
14.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,asuddenloudnoise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebe
C.therewasD.therehavingbeen
17.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospital,haditbeenatallpossible,butIfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was
18.IapologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwas
unintentional（无意的）.
19.Ifyouhadn'ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we'dtherebynow.
A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
20.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesunroundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
21.IwishthatIwithyoulastnight.
A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone
22.IwishIwithher.
A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were
23.IwishthatItheconcertlastnight.
A.couldB.haveattended
C.couldhaveattendedD.attended
24.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit.
A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgone
C.didnotgoD.cannothavegone
25."Iwishyoumetoputthesethingsaway,"he
said.
A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp
26.IftheWatergateIncidentNixonwouldnot
haveresignedfromthepresidency.
A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurred
C.wasnotoccurringD.becircling
27.Ihadn'texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhad
hoped.
A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallme
C.himtocallmeD.thathecallme
28.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting,
A.ifhedidn'tgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadn'thappened
C.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself
29.Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents
experienceswithESP.
A.writeacompositionontheir
B.towritecompositionaboutthe
C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher
D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis
30.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhea
Chinese.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
31.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistripagreatsuccess.
32.
elephant.
fromanevildream.
36.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou
anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.
A.doB.don'tC.didn'tD.didn'tdo
37.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwho
theirnaturalparentsare,somewhohave
foundthemwishthattheytheexperienceofmeeting.
A.hadn'tB.didn'thavehadC.hadn'thadD.hadn'thave
38.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyour
registration.
39.withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday'sadvancedtechnology.
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
40.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhea
Chinese.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
41.Itistimethatthegovernmentmeasures
toprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.
A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking
42.Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant___alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.
A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave
43.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehetothe
meeting.
A.wouldcomeB.CameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome
44.Imustsayhereadsverywell,andIshouldn'tbesurprisedifheactingforalivingoneday.
A.hadtakenupB.takesup
45.IfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutit
now.
A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold
46.Ihadn'texpectedHenrytoapologizebutIhad
hoped.
A.himtocallmeupB.himcallingmeup
C.thathewouldcallmeupD.thathewillcallme
47.IhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,but
hestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.
A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend
48.IhadhopedthatJenniferadoctor,butshe
wasn'tgoodenoughatscience.
A.willbecomeB.becameC.wouldbecomeD.becomes
49.I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetime
being.
A.doB.didn'tdoC.don'tD.didn't
50.
I'djustassoonrudelytoher.
51.It'shightimetheythisroad.
A.mendB.mendedC.musthavemendedD.willmend
52.It'sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendid
duringthewar.
A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake
53.Everybodyhasarrived.It'stimewetheclass.
A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.start
54.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegone
totheconcertlastSunday.
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
55.Mary___myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
A.hasreceivedB.oughttohavereceived
C.couldn'thavereceivedD.shouldn'thavereceived
56.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwiseheto
seehisclassmatesoff.
A.cameB.wouldcome
C.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming
57.He'sworkinghardforfearthathe.
A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehind
C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind
58.Withoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmightforacentury.
C.postponeD.bepostponed
59.Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesinthehome.
A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking
60.Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthechildpsychologicallyreadyfor
thenewidea.
A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe
61.Tom'sfather,aswellashismother,in
NewYorkforafewdaysmore.
A.askhimtostay
B.askhetostay
C.askshestays
D.askshestay
62.Youradvice
thattillnextweekis
reasonable.
A.shewaits
B.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited
64.Itwasessentialthatweleasebeforetheendofthemonth.
A.singB.singedC.hadsignedD.weresigning
65.Itisappropriatethatsometimethoroughstudyof
theresultsoftheApollomission.
A.devotesto
B.devotedto
C.isdevotedto
D.bedevotedto
答案与详解
1.A.条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。
2.B.条件句表示
与过去事实的虚拟。
3.A.条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。
4.B.条件句表示与未
来事实的相反。
5.C.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
6.D.条件句表示与现
在事实的虚拟。
7.B.这个句子中含有一个省略if,把助动词提前到主语they
之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）wouldhavelost为正确答案。
&（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。
条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would（should,could,might）+动词原形这种表达形式。
四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
9.（D）untilrecently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
10.（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如butfor、butthat、without,由连词but、副词otherwise、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。
本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选Butfor为正确答案。
11.（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故Ifonly条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had+过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。
12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。
13.A.从句对过去的虚拟。
14.B.从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。
17.（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事
实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。
因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。
18.（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中
的动词apologize（抱歉）来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。
（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。
（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。
（B）hadoffended表示当时已经发生了的动作。
这是复杂条件句：
apologize是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设
升级会员 