if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气.docx

1、if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态 所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。 .英语中的语气分三种： 陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话 不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能 性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设） 。If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句 （虚拟条件句） 。 真实条件句表示在假设的条件下， 有可能实现的情况。 非真实条 件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语 气。If he does n t hurry up, he

2、 will miss the bus.（ 真实条件状语 ）If he was free, he asked me to tell stories. （真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once. （非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die. （非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。假设类型 条件从句的动词 结果主句的动词与 现 在 事 实 相 反 动 词 过 去 式 （ be 只 用 were ） would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had

3、+ 过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与 将 来 事 实 相 反 动 词 过 去 式 /（should/were to）+ 动 词 原 形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。 （实际情况：我现在没有时间， 也不会去散步。 ）If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。 （事实上我不可能是你。 ）I would say no if s

4、omeone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。 （事实上现 虚拟语气专项练习1 Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.A.would be B. would have been C. were D. may be2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain

5、would have been3.If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have been ableC. were not able D. are not able4.If you asked your father, you permission.A. may get B. might get C. should have calledD. maybe get5. today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. was he l

6、eavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6. I you, I would go with him to the party.A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done byhand, allpractical valuebythetime they werefinished.A. could lose B. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have los

7、t8. Had Paul receivedsix more votesinthelast election, he our chairmannow.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be9.If you Jerry Brown until recently, youdthink the photograph on the right was strange.A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contactC. werent to contact D. hadnt contacted10. he Engl

8、ish examination I would have goneto the concert last SundayA. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for11.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your adviceA. follow B. would follow C. had followedD. have followed12.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairm

9、an now.A. must have been B. would have beenC. were D. hadnt contacted13.If the horse won today, it thirty races infive years.A. would have won B. wonC. must have won D. did have won14.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, a sudden loud noise.A. being there B. should the

10、re beC. there was D. there having been17.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of last week.A. were B. had been C. have been D. was18.I apologize if I you, but I assure you it wasunintentional（ 无意的 ）.19.If you hadnt taken such a l

11、ong time to get dressed, wed there by now.A.be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling20.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun round the earth.A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D . be circling21.I wish that I with you last night.A. went B. have gone C. c

12、ould go D. could have gone22.I wish I with her.A. would be B. am C. was D. were23.I wish that I the concert last night.A. could B. have attendedC. could have attended D. attended24.The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I to it.A. had not gone B. have not goneC. did not go D. can not have

13、gone25.I wish you me to put these things away, hesaid.A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help26.If the Watergate Incident Nixon would nothave resigned from the presidency.A. did not occur B. had not occurredC. was not occurring D. be circling27.I hadnt expected James to apologize but I had

14、hoped .A. him calling me B. that he would call meC. him to call me D. that he call me28.George would certainly have attended the meeting,A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happenedC. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself29.The teacher suggested that he

15、r students experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB.to write composition about theC.wrote some compositions of his or herD.had written any compositions for his30.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he aChinese.A. were B. had been C. is D. has been31.As usual, he put on a show as though

16、his trip a great success.32.elephant.from an evil dream.36.Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do37.Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who ha

17、vefound them wish that they the experience of meeting.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.It is important that the TOEFL office yourregistration.39.without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology.A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achievedC. would no

18、t have been achieved D. had not been achieved40.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he aChinese.A. were B. had been C. is D. has been41.It is time that the government measuresto protect the rare birds and animals.A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking42.Some people are too particular about school r

19、ecords, insisting that every applicant _all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have43.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to themeeting.A. would come B. Came C. would have come D. had come44.I must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be s

20、urprised if he acting for a living one day.A. had taken up B. takes up45.If I had seen the movie, I you all about itnow.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told46.I hadnt expected Henry to apologize but I hadhoped .A. him to call me up B. him calling me upC. that he would call me u

21、p D. that he will call me47.I had hoped that John a year in Africa, buthe stayed there only for three months.A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend48.I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but shewasnt good enough at science.A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes49.Id rather you a

22、nything about it for the timebeing.A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt50.Id just as soon rudely to her.51.Its high time they this road.A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend52.Its about time people notice of what women didduring the war.A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take53.Everybo

23、dy has arrived. Its time we the class.A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start54. the English examination I would have goneto the concert last Sunday.A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for55.Mary _my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has received B. ought

24、 to have receivedC.couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received56.John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he tosee his classmates off.A. came B. would comeC. would have come D. should be coming57.Hes working hard for fear that he .A. should fall behind B. fell behindC. may fall behind D. woul

25、d fall behind58.Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might for a century.C.postpone D. be postponed59.In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working60.For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it re

26、quires that the child psychologically ready forthe new idea.A. is B. were C. be D. would be61.Toms father, as well as his mother, inNew York for a few days more.A. ask him to stayB. ask he to stayC. asks he staysD. asks he stay62. Your advicethat till next week isreasonable.A. she waitsB. she wait C

27、. wait she D. she waited64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing65. It is appropriate that some time thorough study ofthe results of the Apollo mission.A. devotes toB. devoted toC. is devoted toD. be devoted to答案与详解1. A.条件句表示与现在事实

28、相反的虚拟。 2 . B.条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。3. A.条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。 4 . B.条件句表示与未来事实的相反。5. C.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。 6. D .条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。7. B.这个句子中含有一个省略 if,把助动词提前到主语 they之前的虚拟条件句， 该条件句表示对过去情况的假设， 而主句中 by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的 情况的假设，因而应该选( B)would have lost 为正确答案。 &( D)这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了 if，把助词had提前到主语前

29、面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主 句中 now 表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选 would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有( D) 是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。9. ( D)until recently，因此(D)是正确答案，而主句是隐含 的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。10.( B)假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在 一个由介词如 but for、but that 、without, 由连词 but 、副词 otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本 句主句表示对过去情况的假设， 但事实上

30、由于英语考试而没有去 成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选 But for 为正确答案。11.(C)题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二 句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事， 这种情况导致 第一句话中真实情况的发生，故 If only 条件句假设的是过去一 种情况，因此应该用 had + 过去分词，所以正确答案是( C)。1 2D 注意主句 now 表示现在的时间状语， 所以主句是对现在 虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。13. A.从句对过去的虚拟。14. B.从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。17 . ( D)本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生

31、， 而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部 分由 but 引导的转折句所表述的真实。 因而 but 所引导的句子中 应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。18. ( B)此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词 apologize( 抱歉)来看， if 从句中表达的内容应该是过去做 的事，因此可以排除( A)，因为(A )是现在时。(C)中 should+have+ 过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在 此不合题意。 ( D )选项中的 might+have+ 过去分词表示对过去 发生的事情很不肯定的猜测， 它表达的内容还不能成为事实， 所 以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起， 因此此处也不合题意。 ( B)had offended 表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句： apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设