四川理工学院教案.docx

四川理工学院教案.docx

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四川理工学院教案

四川理工学院教案

授课教师

刘清斌

开课系

生物工程

开课学期

07～08第1学期

课程名称

专业英语

（生物工程本科）

授课

系级

专业

及班

生物工程系生物工程专业05级1.2.3班

课程类型

必修课（）选修课（√）

考核方式

考试（）考查（√）

课程教学

总学时数

40

学分数

2

学时分配

理论课40学时；实践课0学时；

教材名称

《发酵生物技术专业英语》

作者

许赣荣

出版社及

出版时间

中国轻工业出版社1998.12

参考书目

书名

作者

出版社及出版时间

食品专业英语文选

高福成

中国轻工业出版社1993.8

注：

表中有“（）”的地方请选择，用“√”表示。

第1周2；07.09.04类别：

理论课；课时：

2学时

一、教学目的及要求：

使学生了解和掌握元素和化合物的部分词汇及其构成，理解课文内容和翻译。

理解专业英语的学习方法、教学要求和成绩考查方法。

二、教学内容提要：

学习lessononeTextAElementandCompounds

Allmatteriscomposedofbasicsubstancescalledelement.Anelementcannotbebrokendownintosimplerunitsbychemicalreactions;itcontainsonlyonekindsofatom.Anatomisthesmallestcharacteristicunitofanelement.

Acompoundisasubstancethatcanbespitintotwoormoreelement.Waterisacompoundbecauseitcanbespitintoitscomponents,hydrogenandoxygen.Theformulaofacompoundgivesinformationaboutthekindsandnumbersofatomsthatmakeupeachmoleculeofthatcompound.Aformulacontainsthesymbolsofthekindsofatomsineachmoleculeandsubscriptsthatindicatethenumberofeachkindsofatominthemolecule.Forexample,theformulaforwaterH2Oindicatethatawatermoleculecontainstwohydrogenatomsandoneoxygenatom;andamoleculeoftheglucose,C6H12O6,containssixcarbonatoms,twelvehydrogenatoms,andsixoxygenatoms.

Whencarbonuniteswithoxygen,itformsacolorless,odorless,andtastelessgascalledcarbondioxide,whichisheavierthanairandwillextinguishflame.

Carbondioxideislikenitrogeninmanyways,butifitismixedwithlimewater,itcausestheclearliquidtobecomemilky,whilenitrogendoesnot.Thisisthetestforcarbondioxide.

Carbondioxideisasourceofplantfood.Plantshavethepowertotakethisgasfromtheair,combineitwithwater,andmakeitintotheirtissues;infactitisfromthissourcethatallorganiccarboncomes.

Mineralcompoundsaremadeofelementssuchassulphur,phosphorus,iron,potassium,sodium,andcalcium.Calciumuniteswithsulphurandoxygentoformcalciumsulphate,andwithphosphorusandoxygentoformcalciumphosphate.

学习lessononeTextBcarbohydrates

Carbohydratesareusuallydefinedaspolyhydroxyaldehydesandketonesorsubstancesthathydrolyzetoyieldpolyhydroxyaldehydesandketones.

Monosaccharidesareclassifiedaccordingto

（1）thenumberofcarbonatomspresentinthemoleculeand

（2）whethertheycontainanaldehydeorketogroup,thusamonosaccharidecontainingsixcarbonatomsiscalledhexose;amonosaccharidecontaininganaldehydegroupiscalledanaldose;andonecontainingaketoiscalledaketose.

Themostimportantrepresentativesofmonosaccharidesareglucose,arabinose,glactose,mannose,ribose,andfructose.Glucoseisusuallyusedasacarbonsourceforfermentation.Becausetheglucoseinrefinedformsuchascrystallineformorassyrupformismoreexpensive,glucoseinfermentationmediumismostlyproducedbydirectenzymaticconversionofstarch.

Theoligosaccharidescanbeclassifiedintodisaccharidesandtrisaccharides.Themostimportantrepresentativesofdisaccharidesaresucrose（frombeetorcane）,lactose,maltoseandcellobiose.themostimportantrepresentativeoftrisaccharideisraffinosewhichoccursinsugarbeet.

Sucroseisavailableforuseinfermentationprocesseitherincrystallineformorincrudeformasrawjuiceormolasses（aby-productofsugarmanufacture）.Thesucrosecontainedinmolassesisobviouslycheaper,butthecompositionsofmolassesvariesgreatlywithsource（caneorbeet）,qualityofthecropandthenatureofthesugarrefiningprocess.Themolassesshouldbepretreatedbeforebeingusedasarawmaterialforfermentationmedium.

Lactoseispresentinwhey（aby-productofcheesemakingthatarisefollowingtheseparationofcurds,thesolidifiedcaseinandbutterfat）ataconcentrationof4%~5%andwholewheyordeproteinizedwheyisusedasacheapsourceofcarbohydrateinsomealcoholproductionprocess.

Polysaccharidesareconstructedfrommonosaccharideunitandtheirderivatives,andhavetentoseveralthousandunits.D-glucoseisthemostcommonunit.Theyareinsolubleandnonreducing.Themostimportantrepresentativesarestarch,glycogens,andcellulose.

Starchisthemostimportantcarbohydrateusedinfermentationprocess.Itisfromplantssuchascorn,rice,wheat,potatoesandcassava.

Theextentofstarchhydrolysisrequiredvarieswithfermentationprocessanddependsonconsiderationsastowhetherornotthemicrobialstraintobeusedproducesamylaseandwhetherproductsynthesisissubjecttocataboliterepression.Forcitricacidproduction,becausetheA.nigerhastheabilitytosynthesizeglucoamylase（oramyloglucosidase:

anenzymethatcatalyzestheremovalofoneglucosemoleculeatatime