届中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词练习.docx
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届中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词练习
专题十一非谓语动词
教学目标
1.掌握动词不定式、动名词、分词的基本用法;
2.准确完成动词不定式、动名词、分词的相关练习。
非谓语动词专题
考情分析
非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式,在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。
非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。
不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词。
近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有:
动名词作主语和宾语;分词作定语;动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语;不定式符号to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等。
自我测试
1.Whydon’tweencourageourchildren______offthevideogamesandpickupabook?
A.turnB.turningC.toturnD.toturning
2.Andymadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirduntilitcouldflyagain.
A.keepB.keptC.keepsD.tokeep
3.Theheavyrainmadetheheadmaster________theschoolsportsmeeting.
A.tocancelB.cancelC.cancelingD.canceled
4.RiodeJaneirostillhasalotofthings_____toprepareforthe2016Olympics.
A.doB.didC.todoD.does
5.It’simportantEnglishwell.
A.ofyoutolearnB.ofyoulearnC.foryoutolearnD.foryoulearning
6.It’skind________you________somuchforus.
A.of,tothinkB.for,tothinkC.of,thinking
7.Ittakesmehalfanhour________thepianoeveryday.
A.playB.playingC.toplay
8.Iprefer_______outsideforatripratherthan________athomethisMayDayholiday.
A.togo,stayingB.going,tostayC.togo,stayD.going,staying
9.Wehavetworooms______,butIcan’tdecide______.
A.tolive;tochoosewhichoneB.tolive;choosewhichone
C.tolivein;whichonetochooseD.tolivein;choosewhichone
10.Heisoftenseenothersinneed.
A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helping
11.Themother’sadvicefell______deafearsagain.It’snouse______toher.
A.on;talkingB.with;totalkC.to;talk
12.—Dad,whymustIstop______computergames?
—Foryourhealth,myboy.
A.playB.toplayC.toplayingD.playing
13.Thomas'storyabout______abearattackwasreallyexciting.
A.surviveB.survivingC.tosurviveD.tosurviving
14.MaryisalittlepooratEnglish.Ithinksheneeds____iteveryday.
A.practicetospeakB.topracticespeakingC.practicespeaking
15.Thestudentsandtheirteacher______eagerlylookingforwardto______SpringFestival.
A.is;comeB.are;comingC.are;thecoming
16.LingFengmakesthebaby.
A.stopscryingB.stoptocryC.tostopcryingD.stopcrying
17.RecentlyIhavereadsomebooksbyVerne,afamoussciencefictionwriter.
A.werewrittenB.writtenC.wroteD.write
18.Ithinktheshortstories______byDickensareverypopular______thechildren.
A.arewritten;forB.arewritten;among
C.written;amongD.written;between
参考答案:
1—5CDBCC6—10ACCCB11—15ADBBB16—18DBC
教学建议:
1.如果学生自我测试中的1-10小题有错误,建议先带领学生回顾考点1关于动词不定式的考点复习部分,并完成基础演练中写出单词正确复数形式和短语翻译的练习。
2.如果学生自我测试中的11-16小题有错误,建议先带领学生回顾考点2关于动名词的复习部分。
3.如果学生自我测试中的17-18小题有错误,建议先带领学生回顾考点3关于分词的复习部分。
4.通过自我测试部分的测验,可以简单了解学生对于非谓语动词的整体掌握情况,根据自己所带学生的学习程度,非谓语动词考点的复习可以有所删减或选择性的讲解。
知识梳理
非谓语动词
动词不定式
形式
肯定:
todo
否定:
nottodo
句法功能
主、宾、表、宾补、定、状等
动名词
形式
doing
句法功能
主、宾、表、定等
分词
现在分词
形式
doing
句法功能
定、表、状、宾等
过去分词
形式
done
句法功能
定、表、宾补等
考点归纳:
1.不定式的句型:
it’s+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.;
2.一些动词后跟不定式与动名词的区别;
3.不定式的肯定和否定形式;
4.使役动词后接不带to的不定式的用法;
5.动名词作主语、宾语、定语的用法;
6.havesb.dosth和havesthdone的区别:
……
考点归纳
【考点1】动词不定式
1.动词不定式的形式
肯定式
todo
Tellthechildrentoeathealthyfood.
否定式
nottodo
Tellthechildrennottoeatunhealthyfood.
【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,在句中不能用作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。
动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。
Iwanttobuyacomputer.
It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.
2.动词不定式的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
主语
1)位于句首,谓语动词用第三人称单数
Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.
2)常用it作形式主语,把不定式放在后面
常见句型:
It's+adj.+of/for+sb.+todosth.
[形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时,用of;
形容词用于描述不定式动作时,用for]
Itisa/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)+todosth.
Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.
It'sextremelykindofyoutocomeandmeetme.
It'sdangerousforyoutodrivesofast.
It’smydutytosavepatients
表语
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语
Herjobistocleanthehall.
=Tocleanthehallisherjob.
宾语
1)作某些动词的宾语,如want,refuse,forget,afford,try,choose,agree,help,hope,decide等
Tomcan'taffordtobuyacaratpresent.
2)在find,think后作宾语时,常用it代替,作宾语的动词不定式后移
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
宾补
1)tell,ask,allow,wouldlike,encourage,advise,remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补
SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.
2)一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel),二听(hear,listen),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),但被动要还原to
Isawhimcrosstheroad.
Myfriendweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
定语
1)不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面
Onthefarmeveryonehaslotsofworktodo
2)不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的词是动宾关系,如果动词为不及物动词,后面须加上相应的介词
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
Iwantapentowritewith.
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
3)不定式修饰不定代词something,anything等时,放在它们的后面,如果不定代词也被形容词修饰,词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”
Ihadsomethingcoldtodrink.
状语
表目的
Heworkeddayandnighttoearnmoney.
表结果
Thepolicemensearchedthehouseonlytofindnothing.
表原因
Theywereverysadtohearthenews.
独立成分
这种不定式独立与句子之外,表示说话者的态度、语气等,如tobehonest,tobeginwith等
Totellyouthetruth,wedon’twanttoincludeyou.
例题1:
Myparentsoftentellmetoomuchjunkfoodbecauseit’sbadformyhealth.
A.noteatingB.nottoeatC.eatingD.toeat
例题2:
Hehurriedbackhome____hisschoolbag.
A.fetchedB.tofetchC.fetchingD.fetches
例题3:
Jack’steacheraskedhim________offthelightsafterclass.
A.turningB.turnedC.toturn
例题4:
—Whydoweeatvegetableseveryday,Mum?
—________healthy,mydear.
A.TokeepB.KeepC.KeepingD.Kept
例题5:
Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace________.
A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein
例题6:
EvenTony’sgranddaughter,afive-year-oldgirl,askedhim________smoking.
A.giveupB.gaveupC.togiveupD.givingup
例题7:
Itisimportant______people______goodmanners.
A.for;tolearnB.of;tolearnC.for;learnD.of;learn
例题8:
—Letmehelpyoucarrythebox,Granny.
—Thankyou,LiLei.It’sverynice______you______me.
A.of;tohelpB.for;tohelpC.of;helpingD.for;helping
例题9:
—It’sourduty______ourcitycleanandbeautiful.
—Yes.Weshoulddosomethingforit.
A.tokeepB.keepC.keeping
例题10:
Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult________withtheirteenagechildren.
A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk
参考答案:
BBCACCAAAD
3.动词不定式的常见搭配
1)疑问词+不定式
可以作主、宾、表等,相当于名词性从句,因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句
Wheretogoisstillaquestion.
Theproblemiswheretofindhim.
Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
2)too+adj.+todo
太…而不能…
Heistooyoungtogotoschool.
3)adj./adv.+enoughtodo
足够…做…
Heisnotenoughtogotoschool.
例题1:
She’snotstrongenough_______walkingupmountains.
A.togoB.goingC.goD.went
例题2:
—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?
—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere________.
A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo
参考答案:
AD
4.动词不定式符号to的省略
1)在“一感(feel),二听(hear,listen),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略to,但在被动语态中,必须带to。
Isawhimgointotheroomjustnow.
=Hewasseentogointotheroomjustnow.
Thebossmademyfriendworkthewholenight.
=Myfriendweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
2)wouldrather(not)dothando;hadbetter(not)do
Wehadbettertakesomewarmclothes.
3)whynotdo;can’tbutdo
Whynothavearest?
Ican’tbutwalktoschool.
4)当两个或多个动词不定式并列时,第一个动词不定式加to,后面的动词不定式省略to
Iwanttovisithimandaskforsomehelp.
例题1:
Youlooktootired.Whynot__________arest?
A.stoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stophaving
例题2:
—Let’splayfootballontheplayground.
—It’stoohotoutside.Iwouldrather______athomethan______out.
A.tostay;goB.staying;goingC.stay;togoD.stay;go
例题3:
—Whataheavyrain!
—Soitis.Iprefer________ratherthan________onsucharainyday.
A.togoout;stayathomeB.tostayathome;goout
C.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;goout
例题4:
Theboyisoftenheard__________inthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.
A.practicesingingB.topracticesingingC.practicedsinging
例题5:
Whathappenswhenyouhearastrangenoiseatnight,orfindabigspiderinthecornerofyourbedroom?
Itoftenmakesus______.
A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumpingD.jumped
例题6:
Ifyouseethecartoonfilm,youwill______laugh.
A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.madetoD.make
参考答案:
ADBBAB
【考点2】动名词
1.动名词的形式
肯定式
doing
Sleepingisgoodforourhealth.
否定式
notdoing
I’msorryfornothavinginformedyouofthemeeting.
2.动名词的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
主语
1)动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数
Readingaloudisveryhelpful.
2)有时可用it作形式主语,动名词后移
It’suselessarguingwithhim.
表语
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语
HisjobisteachingEnglish.
=TeachingEnglishishisjob.
宾语
1)作介词或由介词构成的动词短语的宾语,如beinterestedin;beusedto;feellike;thinkof等
Wearethinkingofmakinganewplan.
2)作某些动词的宾语,如enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,suggest,imagine,consider等
Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.
定语
表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于修饰语之前
swimmingpool游泳池;readingroom阅览室;walkingstick手杖,,workingpeople劳动人民等
【注】有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语是有差别的:
forgettodosth.忘记要做某事,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事;
meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事;
regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事,regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事;
stoptodosth.停下来做另外一件事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事;
trytodosth.尽力做某事,trydoingsth.试着做某事;
needtodo需要做某事(主语为人),needdoing=needtobedone需要被做(主语为物)。
例题1:
Ihopeeveryonecancareabout______theenvironmentandstop______things.
A.protecting;wastingB.protecting;towasteC.protect;wastingD.protect