职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516105.docx

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516105.docx

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职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516105

职称英语考试《综合类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-105

1、G8Summit

LeadersoftheGroupofEightMajorIndustrializedNations（G8）willmeetinScotlandinJulythisyear.RepresentativesfromChina,India,Mexico,SouthAfricaandBrazilhavealsobeeninvited.Here'swhattheG8leaderswantfromthemeeting.

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairwantstheG8tocanceldebttotheworld'spoorestcountries.HewantsthemtodoubleaidtoAfricato50billionpoundsby2010.HehasalsoproposedreducingsubsidiestoWesternfarmersandremovingrestrictionsonAfricanexports.Thishasnotgottheapprovalofallmembersbecauseitwillhurttheiragriculturalinterests.Onclimatechange,Blairwantsconcerted（共同的）actionbyreducingcarbonemissions（排放）.

USPresidentGeorgeW.BushagreestogivehelptoAfrica.Buthesayshedoesn'tliketheideaofincreasingaidtocountriesasitwillincreasecorruption.Bushsaidhewouldnotsignanagreementtocutgreenhousegasemissionsatthesummit,accordingtomedia.TheUSistheonlyG8membernottohavesignedtheKyotoProtocol（《京都议定书》）.AlthoughtheUSistheworld'sbiggestpolluter,Bushsofarrefusestobelievethereissufficientscientificdatatoestablishbeyondadoubtthatthereisaproblem.

FrenchPresidentJacquesChiracsupportsBlaironAfricaandclimatechange.HeisdeterminedtogettheUStosigntheclimatechangedeal.

GermanChancellorGerhardSchroderremainsdoubtfulofBlair'sAfricaproposals.Schroder'sofficialshavedismissedthenotionthatmoneywillsolveAfrica'sproblemsas"oldthinking".BerlinsaysthatAfricanstatesshouldonlyreceiveextramoneyiftheycanprovethey'vesolvedthecorruptionproblem.

RussianPresidentVladimirPutinwasdoubtfulaboutthevalueofmoreaidtoAfrica.Buthehasseenawaytomakethisworktohisadvantage.PutinintendstousetheaidtoAfricaasaspringboard（跳板）nextyeartoproposeaidtotheformerSovietRepublicsofGeorgia,Uzbekistan,TajikistanandMoldova.

JapanesePrimeMinisterJunichiroKoizumi'sprioritiesareaseatontheUNSecurityCouncil,forwhichhewillbelobbying（游说）atthesummit.Andhe'sconcernedabouttheDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea'snuclearweaponsprogramme.

BushagreestoincreaseaidtoAfrica.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

根据主语Bush可以确定答案出自第三段。

第三段第二句：

Buthesayshedoesn'tliketheideaofincreasingaidtocountriesasitwillincreasecorruption.（布什不愿意增加对非洲的援助，因为这会加深腐败。

）而题干意思是布什愿意增加对非洲的援助，故答案为B。

2、Dyslexia

Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearningdisordercalleddyslexia.

Expertsondyslexiasaythattheproblemisnotdisease.Theysaythatpersonswithdyslexiauseinformationinadifferentway.Oneoftheworld'sgreatthinkersandscientists,AlbertEinsteinwasdyslexic.Einsteinsaidthatheneverthoughtinwordsthewaythatmostpeopledo.Hesaidthathethoughtinpicturesinstead.TheAmericaninventorThomasEdisonwasalsodyslexic.DyslexiafirstwasrecognizedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmorethan80yearago.Manyyearspassedbeforedoctorsdiscoveredthatpersonswiththedisorderwerenotmentallyslowordisabled.Thedoctorsfoundthatthebrainsofpersonswithdyslexiaaredifferent.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebrain,thepartthatcontrolslanguageislargerthantherightside.Inpersonswithdyslexia,theright’sideofthebrainisbigger.Doctorsarenotsurewhatcausesthisdifference.However,researchhasshownthatdyslexiaismorecommoninmalesthatinfemales,anditisfoundmoreofteninpersonswhoareleft-handed.Nooneknowsthecauseofdyslexia,butsomescientistsbelievethatitmayresultfromchemicalchangesinababy'sbodylongbeforeitisborn.Theyaretryingtofindwaystoteachpersonswithdyslexia.Dyslexicpersonsthinkdifferentlyandneedspecialkindsofteachinghelp.Aftertheyhavesolvedtheirproblemswithlanguage,theyoftenshowthemselvestobeespeciallyintelligentorcreative.

OneoutoffiveAmericanchildrensuffersfromdyslexia.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

题目中的关键词是oneoutoffive和Americanchildren.根据顺序出题的特点，我们很快在原文第1段中找到答案，其中oneoutof是20%的同义改写，Americanchildren是allchildrenintheUnitedStates的同义改写，因此该题的答案为A。

3、Africanwilddog

Findingababysitterwhileyougoouttoworkis,forexample,aninconvenience.FortheAfricanwilddog,oneofthecontinent'smostendangeredcarnivores（食肉动物）,it'samatteroflifeanddeath.Anewresearchshowsthatoncepacks（兽群）fallbelowacertainsize,theyarenotenoughanimalstobothhuntfoodandstayathomeprotectingtheyoung.

TheAfricanwilddoghasdeclineddrasticallyoverthepastcentury.Habitualloss（栖息地的丧失）,persecutionandunexplainedoutbreaksofdiseasehaveallbeenblamed.Only3,000to5,000animalsremain,andthespeciesisexpectedtogoextinctwithindecadesifthetrendcontinues.

Otherlargecarnivoressuchasthespottedhyena（鬣狗）facesimilarpressures,yetarenotdeclining.NowFranckCourchampofCambridgeUniversityhasfoundareasonwhy.Thedog'sweaknessliesinitssocialorganization.

Withineachpackofupto20adultsandpups,onlythedominantmaleandfemalebreed.Theremaininganimalshelpraisethepups,cooperatingtohuntpreyanddefendthekillfromothercarnivores.

Becausepupscan'tkeepuponahunt,largepacksleaveanadultbehindtoprotectthemfrompredators（捕猎者）,whichincludelionsandhyenas.Butleavingababysitteralsocarriescosts.Asmallerhuntingpartyislessabletotacklelargepreyandtodefendthekill.Thereisalsoonelessstomachinwhichtocarryfoodbacktotheden,andonemoremouthtofeedwhentheygetthere.

Courchampinvestigatedthisawkwardtrade-off（权衡）bymodelinghowthecostsofababysitterchangewithdecreasingpacksize.Thisshowedthatpacksofmorethanfiveadultsshouldbeabletofeedallthepupsandstillspareababysitter.Butwithsmallerpacks,eitherthehuntingorthebabysittingsuffers,ortheanimalshavetocompensatebyincreasingthenumberofhuntingexcursionswhichitselfcarriesacosttothepack.

FieldobservationsinZimbabwesupportedthemodel.Packsoffiveanimalsorfewerleftpupsunguardedmorefrequentlythanlargerpacksdid.Therewasalsoevidencethatwhentheydidleaveababysitter,theywereforcedtohuntmoreoften.

Apackwhichdropsbelowacriticalsizebecomescaughtinaviciouscircle（恶性循环）,saysCourchamp,whoisnowatParis-SudUniversity."Poorreproductionandlowsurvivalfurtherreducespacksize,culminatingin（最终造成）failureofthewholepack."Anddeathscausedbyhumanactivity,saysCourchamp,maybewhatreducepacknumberstobelowthesustamablethreshold.MammalecologistChrisCarboneatLondon'sInstituteofZoologyagrees.Maintainingtheintegrityofwilddogpackswillbevitalinpreservingthespecies,hesays.

Theremaininglionswilldieoutwithindecades.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

文章第5段提到了“狮子”，但没有说狮子也是濒于灭绝的一种大型食肉动物，尽管事实确是如此。

4、TravelAcrossAfrica

Forsixhoursweshotthroughthebarren（荒芜的）landscapeoftheKaroodesertinSouthAfrica.Justrocksandsandandbakingsun.Knowingourjourneywasending,DanielandIjustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.Heusedacamera.Iusedwords.Ihadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourth,abeautifulleathernotebookI'dboughtinamarketinMozambique.

SouthernAfricawasfullofstoriesandvisions.Wewerealmostdrunkonsensations.Theroaring（咆哮）ofthewateratVictoriaFalls,theimpossiblesilenceoftheOkavangoDeltainBotswana.

Andthentheotherthings,dogsinthestreets,wholefamiliesinSowetolivnginoneroom,akilometrefromcleanwater.

Aswedrovetowardsthesettingsun,aquietnessfelloverus.Theroadwasemptyandwehadn'tseenanothercarforhours.AndasIdrove,somethingcaughtmyeye.Somethingmovedcloseenoughtotouchthem,tosmelltheirhotbreath.Ididn'tknowhowlongtheyhadbeentherenexttous.

IshoutedtoDan:

"Look!

"Buthewasinadeepsleep,hiscameralyinguselessbyhisfeet.Theyracedthecarforafewseconds,thendisappearedfarbehindus,amemoryofheroicformsintheredlandscape.WhenDanielwokeupanhourlaterItoldhimwhathadhappened.

"Wildhorses?

"hesaid."Whydidn'tyouwakemeup,Sophia?

"

"Itried,buttheyweregoneafterafewseconds."

"Areyousureyoudidn'tdreamit?

"

"Youweretheonewhowassleeping!

"

"Typical,"hesaid,"Thebestphotosaretheoneswenevertake."

Wecheckedintoadustyhotelandsleptthesleepofthedead.

Sophiawroteaboutherexperiencesinnotebooks.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

本题难度不大，比较容易找到答案。

答案依据是文章第一段后半部分：

…Ijustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.HeusedacamerA.Iusedwords.Ihadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourth…

5、FightingforaBrighterFutureforWomen

WhenIwasaskedwhatitmeanstobeawomanrunningforpresident,IalwaysgavethesameanswerthatIwasproudtoberunningasawoman,butIwasrunningbecausethoughtI'dbethebestpresident.

ButIamawomanand,likemillionsofwomen,Iknowtherearestillbarriersandbiases（偏见）outthere,oftenunconscious,andIwanttobuildanAmericathatrespectsandembracesthepotentialofeverylastoneofus.

Iranasadaughterwhobenefitedfromopportunitiesmymotherneverdreamedof.Iranasamotherwhoworriedaboutmydaughter'sfutureandamotherwhowantstoleaveallchildrenbrightertomorrows.

TobuildthatfutureIsee,wemustmakesurethatwomenandmenunderstandthestrugglesoftheirgrandmothersandtheirmothers,andthatwomenenjoyequalopportunities,equalpay,andequalrespect.

L