初三英语阅读理解专项复习含答案.docx
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初三英语阅读理解专项复习含答案
书院中学初三英语阅读理解专项复习
阅读理解试题在中考试卷中占25%,是整个试卷中较难的题型。
阅读理解的目的是通过阅读不同难度的文章,综合考查学生获取信息的能力、分析处理信息的能力,推理判断的能力以及概括等能力。
阅读理解试题主要考查点:
(1)事实题目,可从文章表面找答案。
(2)判断题目,需要理解文章内涵,读完全文后分析理解或计算才能得出结论。
(3)推测题目,必须读懂作者的意图,根据文章中所描绘的客观事实,加以合理的推断。
阅读理解考查的方式多种多样,我们海淀区中考阅读理解题是以选择题的形式出现的。
根据中考命题原则,我们把阅读理解试题按以下五种基础情况来分析:
Ø直接理解性题目
Ø语义理解性题目
Ø细节和事实考查
Ø逻辑推理性题目
Ø归纳概括性题目
一、直接理解性题目
这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文所叙述的重要事实,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
例1.IthasbeenfourmonthssinceIreturnedfromavisittoJapan.ButthecleanairandJapanesepeople’skindnesshavestayedinmymindeversince.
()ThewriterhasbeentoJapanto_______.
A.studyB.workC.visitD.travel
例2.Allstudentsneedtohavegoodstudyhabits.Whenyouhavegoodstudyhabits,youcanlearnthingsquickly.Youalsorememberthemeasily.
Doyouliketostudyintheliving-room?
Thisisnotagoodplacebecauseitisusuallytoonoisy.Youneedtostudyinaquietplace,likeyourbedroom.Aquietplacewillhelpyouonlythinkaboutonething,andyouwilllearnbetter.
Beforeyoubegintostudy,donotforgettocleanyourdesk.Agooddesklightisimportant,too.You’llfeeltiredeasilyifthereisnotenoughlight.
()Youshouldremembertobeforeyoustudy.
A.cleanthedeskB.tidytheroom
C.turnonthelightD.gotothebedroom
例3.Fredcanmakeallkindsofshoesandhisskillsarebetterthanhisworkmates’intheworkplace.Thebosslikeshimandpayshimalot.Buthenevertidieshisroomorwasheshisclothes.HespendsmuchtimeinwatchingfootballmatchesonTV.Sohealwayswearsdirtyclothes.
()ThebosspaysFredmuchbecause___________.
A.hehasworkedtherelong
B.theyoungmaniskindtohim
C.helikestheyoungmanverymuch
D.theyoungman’sskillsarethebestinhisworkshop
二、语义理解性题目
题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。
解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
例1.Mygrandfatherwasafineman.Ilovedhimverymuch.ButonedayItoldhimalie(谎话).Icannottellyounowwhattheliewas.Iwasonlysevenyearsoldthen.Grandfatherwasnotcrosswithme."AskJimtogetalongladder,"hesaid."Myboynowjumpsfromthetopshouses,uptotheroof(屋顶)."Jimbroughtthebigladder.ThenGrandfathersaid,"Myboynowjumpsfromthetopsofhouses.Theladderisforhim."
Iknewatoncewhathiswastellingme.Ihadoftenheardtheoldsaying,"Alieisajumpformthetopofahouse.Isaidnothing.ButIfeltlikecrying.
Theminuteswentby.Whatwouldpeoplethinkabouttheladder?
Itstoodbythefrontdoor.Iwasafraiditmightbetherealongtime.Ihadtodosomething!
AtlastIwenttoGrandfather.Hewasreadingabook.Iwentuptohimandputmyfaceonhisarm."Grandfather,"Isaid,"Iwillnottellalieagain.Wedon'tneedtheladdernow."Grandfatherseemedveryhappyonceagain.HecalledJim."Taketheladderaway,"hesaid,"Myboydoesnotjumpfromthetopsofhouses." Hiswordsmademehappyonceagain.41.B42.A43.C44.A45.A
1.Fromthereadingwecannotknow____.
(A)whethertheboytoldalie (B)whattheliewas
(C)whatGrandfatherdidwiththeboy (D)howthestoryended
2.Theword"cross"inthereadingmeans____.
(A)angry (B)surprised (C)happy (D)kind
3.GrandfatheraskedJimtogetaladderto____.
(A)seewhethertheboycouldjumpfromthetopofahouse
(B)helptheboytoclimbtothetopofthehouse
(C)lettheboyknowitwaswrongtotellalie (D)maketheboycry
4."Whatwouldpeoplethinkabouttheladder?
"showstheboywasafraidpeoplewould____.
(A)knowwhathadhappened (B)taketheladderaway
(C)cometocleantheroof (D)cometotakecareofGrandfather
5.Attheendofthestorytheresultis____.
(A)enjoyable (B)sad (C)notclear (D)untrue
例2.AtnoononJune3threemenboughtsomeicecreamfromme.Theysatinfrontofthebank.ThishappenedonJune4and5.Theyweretryingtolookanddoliketravelers,butIcouldseetheywerenot.Theyneversmiled.Theywerenotenjoyingthemselves.Themencarefullywatchedthemovementsofeachoneworkinginthebank,andevenwhenandwhereImovedmyicecreamcart.
OnJune5at12:
30,whenthefourgatekeeperswereoutforlunch,thethreemenmovedtowardstheentranceofthebank.Icalledforhelpatonce.ThenImovedtheicecreamcartclosertotheentranceofthebank.Iwantedtobeabletostopthemfromleavingtheplace.
Oneofthemenstoodatthedoorofthebank,theothertwoenteredthebankandstoodinline.Whentheywentuptotheworkingmeninthebank,theytookknivesoutofpaperbags.Mostofthepeopleinthebankdidn’tknowwhatwashappening.Icouldseethisthroughthewindowofthebank.
Then,theothernon-uniformedpolicemenarrived.Wewantedtowaituntiltheyhadthemoneyintheirhands.Thenwegotthem.Itwasalloverintwentyseconds.
()“Itwasalloverintwentyseconds”means______________.
A.Thekeepersgotbackverysoon
B.Thepolicemenwentintothebankatonce
C.Theicecreamsellersoldouthisicecreaminashorttime
D.Thethreemenwerecaughtveryquickly
(1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。
例如:
甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:
Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短语).Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….
Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”
短文后面有一个理解题目:
John“letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe________.
A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacat
C.buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag
在这篇文章里,“letthecatoutofthebag”虽然是一个新出现的短语,但紧接着后面就给出解释Itisthesameas“totellasecret.根据这一解释,我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
(2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。
例如:
2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料A。
其中第三段是这样的:
Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight(n.打架,战斗),theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.
文章后面有这样一道题:
53.Inthetext,“putanendto”means“___________”.
A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly
根据文章所提供的情景,如果警察看到有人在打架,他们肯定会去制止。
因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。
根据这一推理,答案应该是A。
(3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。
例如:
福州市2004年中考英语试题的阅读材料B。
Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.
101.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?
A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽
从语法上看,steam和hotwater是并列关系,我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的,是同一类第物质。
在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。
(4)根据背景和常识判断。
请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料C:
WatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesoneAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincident(n.事件,事变)inmyownchildhood.WhenIwasaboyoftwelveinSouthCarolina(n.卡罗莱纳州,美国),somethinghappenedtomethatmademeneverputanywildcreature(livingthing)inacage(笼子).
Welivedontheedgeofaforest,andeveryeveningatdusk(n.薄暮,黄昏)themockingbirds[n.[鸟]嘲鸟(善鸣叫,并能模仿别种鸟的叫声,故名)]wouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisn’tamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird.
IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatway,Iwouldhavemyownprivate(adj.私人的)musician.
Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst,beingscared,thebirdfluttered(扑腾)aboutthecage,butfinallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommylittlemusician.
Ontheseconddayofthebird’scaptivity(n.囚禁,被关)mynewpet’smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth.Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit.Iwaspleasedtoseethis.CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby.
ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasdoing,Idiscovered(discovervt.发现,发觉)itonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!
Whathadhappened!
Ihadtakenextremely(adv.极端地,非常地)careofmylittlebird,orsoIthought.
ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”
NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage.Alllivingcreatures(n.人,动物,傀儡,创造物)havearight(权利)tolivefree.
60.Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho____________.
A.studiesbirds
B.lovescreatures
C.majorsinhabits
D.takescareoftrees
Ornithologist这个词从来没有见到过,但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。
我很爱鸟,把鸟装在笼子里,并细心照料,而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟,但这只鸟却死了,我很不理解。
到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因,说明这个人非常懂鸟。
据此,我们可以断定答案应是A。
除了前面提到的方法以外,还有下面一些方法:
(5)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。
(6)根据因果关系猜测词义。
三.细节和事实的考查
阅读过程中细节问题也是常见题型.要解决好这类问题首先要求理解文章的内涵.抓住事件发生的时间,地点,人物,发展过程和结局这四个环节,去分析,理解或计算得出结论。
例1.Everyyear,thousandsofChinesestudentsfindthemselvesfarfromtheirfriendsandfamilybecauseoftheireducationaldreams.Andmanyoftheseareunder18.
Forthechildren,it’sthegreatchance.Theyarenotgoingtolettheirparentsknowiftheyfeelnervous.Andfortheirparents,it’saboutgivingyourchildchances.Theydon’twantthingstogowrongbysayingwhat’sworryingthem.Butthebigquestionineveryone’smindisthesame.Whoisgoingtolookafterme?
()Theparentsfeel_______whiletheirchildren’sbeingfarfromthem.
A.proudandhappyB.worriedandsad
C.proudandnervousD.hopefulbutworried
例2.Mr.Turnerlivedinasmallvillage.Hisparentshadn’tenoughmoneytosendhimtoschool.Hehadtoh