初三英语阅读理解专项复习含答案.docx

初三英语阅读理解专项复习含答案.docx

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初三英语阅读理解专项复习含答案

书院中学初三英语阅读理解专项复习

阅读理解试题在中考试卷中占25%，是整个试卷中较难的题型。

阅读理解的目的是通过阅读不同难度的文章，综合考查学生获取信息的能力、分析处理信息的能力，推理判断的能力以及概括等能力。

阅读理解试题主要考查点:

（1）事实题目，可从文章表面找答案。

（2）判断题目，需要理解文章内涵，读完全文后分析理解或计算才能得出结论。

（3）推测题目，必须读懂作者的意图，根据文章中所描绘的客观事实，加以合理的推断。

阅读理解考查的方式多种多样，我们海淀区中考阅读理解题是以选择题的形式出现的。

根据中考命题原则，我们把阅读理解试题按以下五种基础情况来分析：

Ø直接理解性题目

Ø语义理解性题目

Ø细节和事实考查

Ø逻辑推理性题目

Ø归纳概括性题目

一、直接理解性题目

这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文所叙述的重要事实，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。

例1.IthasbeenfourmonthssinceIreturnedfromavisittoJapan.ButthecleanairandJapanesepeople’skindnesshavestayedinmymindeversince.

（）ThewriterhasbeentoJapanto_______.

A.studyB.workC.visitD.travel

例2.Allstudentsneedtohavegoodstudyhabits.Whenyouhavegoodstudyhabits,youcanlearnthingsquickly.Youalsorememberthemeasily.

Doyouliketostudyintheliving-room?

Thisisnotagoodplacebecauseitisusuallytoonoisy.Youneedtostudyinaquietplace,likeyourbedroom.Aquietplacewillhelpyouonlythinkaboutonething,andyouwilllearnbetter.

Beforeyoubegintostudy,donotforgettocleanyourdesk.Agooddesklightisimportant,too.You’llfeeltiredeasilyifthereisnotenoughlight.

（）Youshouldremembertobeforeyoustudy.

A.cleanthedeskB.tidytheroom

C.turnonthelightD.gotothebedroom

例3.Fredcanmakeallkindsofshoesandhisskillsarebetterthanhisworkmates’intheworkplace.Thebosslikeshimandpayshimalot.Buthenevertidieshisroomorwasheshisclothes.HespendsmuchtimeinwatchingfootballmatchesonTV.Sohealwayswearsdirtyclothes.

（）ThebosspaysFredmuchbecause___________.

A.hehasworkedtherelong

B.theyoungmaniskindtohim

C.helikestheyoungmanverymuch

D.theyoungman’sskillsarethebestinhisworkshop

二、语义理解性题目

题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。

解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。

例1.Mygrandfatherwasafineman.Ilovedhimverymuch.ButonedayItoldhimalie（谎话）.Icannottellyounowwhattheliewas.Iwasonlysevenyearsoldthen.Grandfatherwasnotcrosswithme."AskJimtogetalongladder,"hesaid."Myboynowjumpsfromthetopshouses,uptotheroof（屋顶）."Jimbroughtthebigladder.ThenGrandfathersaid,"Myboynowjumpsfromthetopsofhouses.Theladderisforhim."

Iknewatoncewhathiswastellingme.Ihadoftenheardtheoldsaying,"Alieisajumpformthetopofahouse.Isaidnothing.ButIfeltlikecrying.

Theminuteswentby.Whatwouldpeoplethinkabouttheladder?

Itstoodbythefrontdoor.Iwasafraiditmightbetherealongtime.Ihadtodosomething！

AtlastIwenttoGrandfather.Hewasreadingabook.Iwentuptohimandputmyfaceonhisarm."Grandfather,"Isaid,"Iwillnottellalieagain.Wedon'tneedtheladdernow."Grandfatherseemedveryhappyonceagain.HecalledJim."Taketheladderaway,"hesaid,"Myboydoesnotjumpfromthetopsofhouses."　Hiswordsmademehappyonceagain.41.B42.A43.C44.A45.A

1.Fromthereadingwecannotknow____.

　（A）whethertheboytoldalie　（B）whattheliewas

　（C）whatGrandfatherdidwiththeboy　（D）howthestoryended

2.Theword"cross"inthereadingmeans____.

（A）angry　（B）surprised　（C）happy　（D）kind

3.GrandfatheraskedJimtogetaladderto____.

　（A）seewhethertheboycouldjumpfromthetopofahouse

　（B）helptheboytoclimbtothetopofthehouse

　（C）lettheboyknowitwaswrongtotellalie　（D）maketheboycry

4."Whatwouldpeoplethinkabouttheladder?

"showstheboywasafraidpeoplewould____.

　（A）knowwhathadhappened　（B）taketheladderaway

　（C）cometocleantheroof　（D）cometotakecareofGrandfather

5.Attheendofthestorytheresultis____.

　（A）enjoyable　　（B）sad　　（C）notclear　　（D）untrue

例2.AtnoononJune3threemenboughtsomeicecreamfromme.Theysatinfrontofthebank.ThishappenedonJune4and5.Theyweretryingtolookanddoliketravelers,butIcouldseetheywerenot.Theyneversmiled.Theywerenotenjoyingthemselves.Themencarefullywatchedthemovementsofeachoneworkinginthebank,andevenwhenandwhereImovedmyicecreamcart.

OnJune5at12:

30,whenthefourgatekeeperswereoutforlunch,thethreemenmovedtowardstheentranceofthebank.Icalledforhelpatonce.ThenImovedtheicecreamcartclosertotheentranceofthebank.Iwantedtobeabletostopthemfromleavingtheplace.

Oneofthemenstoodatthedoorofthebank,theothertwoenteredthebankandstoodinline.Whentheywentuptotheworkingmeninthebank,theytookknivesoutofpaperbags.Mostofthepeopleinthebankdidn’tknowwhatwashappening.Icouldseethisthroughthewindowofthebank.

Then,theothernon-uniformedpolicemenarrived.Wewantedtowaituntiltheyhadthemoneyintheirhands.Thenwegotthem.Itwasalloverintwentyseconds.

（）“Itwasalloverintwentyseconds”means______________.

A.Thekeepersgotbackverysoon

B.Thepolicemenwentintothebankatonce

C.Theicecreamsellersoldouthisicecreaminashorttime

D.Thethreemenwerecaughtveryquickly

（1）根据定义或解释猜测词义。

例如：

甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:

Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases（短语）.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….

Nowwhensomeoneletsout（泄漏）asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”

短文后面有一个理解题目：

John“letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe________.

A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacat

C.buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag

在这篇文章里，“letthecatoutofthebag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释Itisthesameas“totellasecret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。

（2）根据情景和逻辑进行判断。

例如：

2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料A。

其中第三段是这样的：

Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight（n.打架,战斗）,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.

文章后面有这样一道题：

53.Inthetext,“putanendto”means“___________”.

A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly

根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。

因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。

根据这一推理，答案应该是A。

（3）根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。

例如：

福州市2004年中考英语试题的阅读材料B。

Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.

101.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?

A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽

从语法上看，steam和hotwater是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。

在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。

（4）根据背景和常识判断。

请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料C:

WatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesoneAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincident（n.事件,事变）inmyownchildhood.WhenIwasaboyoftwelveinSouthCarolina（n.卡罗莱纳州,美国）,somethinghappenedtomethatmademeneverputanywildcreature（livingthing）inacage（笼子）.

Welivedontheedgeofaforest,andeveryeveningatdusk（n.薄暮,黄昏）themockingbirds[n.[鸟]嘲鸟（善鸣叫,并能模仿别种鸟的叫声,故名）]wouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisn’tamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird.

IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatway,Iwouldhavemyownprivate（adj.私人的）musician.

Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst,beingscared,thebirdfluttered（扑腾）aboutthecage,butfinallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommylittlemusician.

Ontheseconddayofthebird’scaptivity（n.囚禁,被关）mynewpet’smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth.Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit.Iwaspleasedtoseethis.CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby.

ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive（caged）birdwasdoing,Idiscovered（discovervt.发现,发觉）itonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!

Whathadhappened!

Ihadtakenextremely（adv.极端地,非常地）careofmylittlebird,orsoIthought.

ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries（毒莓）.Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”

NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage.Alllivingcreatures（n.人,动物,傀儡,创造物）havearight（权利）tolivefree.

60.Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho____________.

A.studiesbirds

B.lovescreatures

C.majorsinhabits

D.takescareoftrees

Ornithologist这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。

我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。

到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。

据此，我们可以断定答案应是A。

除了前面提到的方法以外，还有下面一些方法：

（5）根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。

（6）根据因果关系猜测词义。

三.细节和事实的考查

阅读过程中细节问题也是常见题型.要解决好这类问题首先要求理解文章的内涵.抓住事件发生的时间,地点,人物,发展过程和结局这四个环节,去分析,理解或计算得出结论。

例1.Everyyear,thousandsofChinesestudentsfindthemselvesfarfromtheirfriendsandfamilybecauseoftheireducationaldreams.Andmanyoftheseareunder18.

Forthechildren,it’sthegreatchance.Theyarenotgoingtolettheirparentsknowiftheyfeelnervous.Andfortheirparents,it’saboutgivingyourchildchances.Theydon’twantthingstogowrongbysayingwhat’sworryingthem.Butthebigquestionineveryone’smindisthesame.Whoisgoingtolookafterme?

（）Theparentsfeel_______whiletheirchildren’sbeingfarfromthem.

A.proudandhappyB.worriedandsad

C.proudandnervousD.hopefulbutworried

例2.Mr.Turnerlivedinasmallvillage.Hisparentshadn’tenoughmoneytosendhimtoschool.Hehadtoh