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博士入学考试天津大学考博英语真题
2014年天津大学考博英语真题
PartI.ListeningComprehension(10%)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
1.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.
B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.
C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.
D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.
2.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.
B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.
C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.
D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.
PartIVBankedCloze(10%)
Directions:
FillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebyselectingsuitablewordsfromtheWordBank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsmorethanonce.
Youhaveseenafriendsucceed.Nodoubtyoufeeljoyatthis.Youloveyourfriend,andmaybeyouevenhelpedhimaccomplishhisgoal.____1____,thereisanotherfeeling,adarkfeeling,withinyou.Youbegintowishthatitwasyouwhowasenjoyingsuccess,andyoubegintoevendislikeyourfriend.Atfirstthisenviousfeelingstartsofflikeatinyseed.Butthen,likeaseed,itgrows.Itthreatensto____2____you.
Ofcourseyoufeelbadaboutyourfeelings,astheyhavebecomea(n)____3____toyourfriendship.Still,theredoesn'tseemtobeanythingthatyoucando.Facingyourfriendinvariablyleadstomore____4____betweenyou.Avoidinghimjustseemsto____5____thegulfbetweenyou.
Insteadoffeeling____6____aboutyourenvyorhatingyourfriend,youshouldtakeadifferent____7___.Useyourfriend'ssuccessasachallenge.Hehassucceeded.Thismeansthatyoucansucceedaswell.Bythingkingthisway,youare____8____yourfeelingsandredirectingthemintoacourseofactionthatwon'truinyourfriendship.
Rememberthatfriendshipscan____9_____friendlycompetitiion.Youcannot,however,maintainyourfriendshipifyou____10____envy.
A)approach
B)goal
C)tension
D)harbor
E)remain
F)survive
G)harnessing
H)widen
I)overwhelm
J)overtake
K)establish
L)still
M)guilty
N)responsible
O)handicap
PartIII.ReadingComprehension(40%)
PartA.
Directions:
Inthisparttherearethreepassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.
(1)
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.
Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.
Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:
ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails."Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing."SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.
ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto"translate"culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword"friend",theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.
1、Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,___________.
A.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS
B)small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment
C)Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors
D.mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp
2、Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat___________.
A)cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship
B)courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated
C)variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends
D)socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions
3、Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers___________.
A)toimprovetheirhardlife
B)inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel
C)toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife
D)outofacharitableimpulse
4、Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers___________.
A)tendstobesuperficialandartificial
B)isgenerallywellkeptupintheunitedStates
C)isalwaysunderstoodproperly
D)hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails
5、What’stheauthor’sattitudestowardtheAmerican’sfriendliness?
A)Favorable.
B)Unfavorable.
C)Indifferent.
D)Neutral.
PartB
Directions:
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Htofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Therearethreeextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10%)
Fromhervantagepointshewatchedthemaindoorsswingopenandthefirstarrivalspourin.Thosewhohadbeenattheheadofthelinepausedmomentarilyonentry,lookedaroundcuriously,thenquicklymovedforwardasothersbehindpressedin.Withinmomentsthecentralpublicareaofthebigbranchbankwasfilledwithachattering,noisycrowd.Thebuilding,relativelyquietlessthanaminuteearlier,hadbecomeaBabel.Edwinasawatallheavysetblackmanwavesomedollarbillsanddeclareloudly,"Iwanttoputmymoneyinthebank".
1.
Itseemedasifthereportabouteveryonehavingcometoopenanaccounthadbeenaccurateafterall.
Edwinacouldseethebigmanleaningbackexpansively,stillholdinghisdollarbills.Hisvoicecutacrossthenoiseofotherconversationsandsheheardhimproclaim,"I'minnohurry.There'ssomethingI'dlikeyoutoexplain."
Twootherdeskswerequicklymannedbyotherclerks.Withequalspeed,longwidelinesofpeopleformedinfrontofthem.
Normally,threemembersofstaffwereampletohandlenewaccountbusiness,butobviouslywereinadequatenow.EdwinacouldseeTottenhoeonthefarsideofthebankandcalledhimontheintercom.Sheinstructed,"Usemoredesksfornewaccountandtakeallthestaffyoucansparetomanthem."
2.
Tottenhoegrumbledinreply,"Yourealizewecan'tpossiblyprocessallthesepeopletoday,andhowevermanywedowilltieusupcompletely."
"I'veanidea,"Edwinasaid,"that'swhatsomeonehasinmind.Justhurrytheprocessingallyoucan."
3.
First,anapplicationformcalledfordetailsofresidence,employment,socialsecurity,andfamilymatters.Aspecimensignaturewasobtained.Thenproofofidentitywasneeded.Afterthat,thenewaccountsclerkwouldtakealldocumentstoanofficerofthebankforapprovalandinitialing.Finally,asavingspassbookwasmadeoutoratemporarycheckbookissued.
Thereforethemostnewaccountsthatanybankemployeecouldopeninanhourwerefive,sothethreeclerkspresentlyworkingmighthandleatotalofninetyinonebusinessday,iftheykeptgoingattopspeed,whichwasunlikely.
4.
Stillthenoisewithinthebankincreased.Ithadbecomeanuproar.
Afurtherproblemwasthatthegrowingmassofarrivalsinthecentralpublicareaofthebankwaspreventingaccesstotellers'countersbyothercustomers.Edwinacouldseeafewofthemoutside,regardingthemillingscenewithconsternation.Whileshewatched,severalgaveupandwalkedaway.
Insidethebanksomeofthenewcomerswereengagingtellersinconversationandthetellers,havingnothingelsetodobecauseofthemelee,chattedback.Twoassistantmanagershadgonetothecentralfloorareaandweretryingtoregulatethefloodofpeoplesoastoclearsomespaceatcounters.Theywerehavingsmallsuccess.
5.
Shedecideditwastimeforherown