影响药物作用的因素和抗恶性肿瘤药陈季强.ppt
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浙江大学医学院浙江大学医学院陈季强教授陈季强教授Email:
2010-2011学年冬学年冬八周八周Section.PharmacologicalBasisofTherapeutics药物治疗学基础药物治疗学基础(治疗学的药理学基础治疗学的药理学基础)IntroductionofBMSSection.PharmacologicalBasisofTherapeuticsContentsChapter2.PharmacokineticsChapter3.FactorsinfluencingeffectofdrugChapter4.Anti-neoplasticsChapter1.PharmacodynamicsBasicConceptofPharmacologyChapter4.Antineoplastics(抗恶性肿瘤药抗恶性肿瘤药)Section.PharmacologicalBasisofTherapeuticsPart2.AntineoplasticsincommonusePart3.Thetoxicreactionofantineo-plasticsandthecombinedtreatmentprinciplesContentsPart1.ThepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplasticsChapter4.Antineoplastic1.Classificationofantineoplastics:
(1)classificationofantineoplasticsaccord-ingtochemicalstructureandsource:
Alkylatingagents(烷化剂烷化剂:
氮芥类氮芥类等等)Antimetabolite(抗代谢物抗代谢物:
MTX,5-FU等等)Antineoplasticantibiotic(抗肿瘤抗肿瘤抗生素抗生素)Antineoplasticplantdrugs(抗肿瘤抗肿瘤植物药植物药)Hormones(激素及其拮抗剂激素及其拮抗剂)Others(其他其他:
铂类配合物铂类配合物和和门冬酰胺酶门冬酰胺酶)Part1.ThepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplasticsChapter4.Antineoplastic
(2)classificationofantineoplasticsaccord-ingtobiochemicalmechanism:
drugsinterferingbiosynthesisofnucleicacid(MTX,5-FU,6-MP,etc.);drugsdirectlydestroyingDNAstructureandfunction(HN2,CTX,DDP,MMC,BLM,etc.);drugsinterferingtranscriptprocessandinhibitingRNAsynthesis(ADM,DACT);drugsinterferingproteinsynthesisandfunction(VLB,VCR,paclitaxel,etc.);drugsinterferingHormonebalance(prednison,androgen,estrogen,etc.)Part1.Thepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplastics干扰激素平衡类干扰激素平衡类干扰激素平衡类干扰激素平衡类:
糖皮质激素糖皮质激素糖皮质激素糖皮质激素,雄雄雄雄激素激素激素激素,雌激素雌激素雌激素雌激素,等等等等2.Affectionofantineoplasticstocellgenerationcycle:
(1)cellgenerationcycle:
cellgenerationcyclecanbedividedinto:
G0phase,G1phase,S(synthesis)phase,G2phaseandM(mitosis)phase.G0phasecellisnon-proliferatingcellpopulation,G1phasetoMphasecellareproliferat-ingcellpopulation.Part1.ThepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplasticsSPhaseDNAsynthesisDNAsynthesisG2PhasePostsyntheticPostsyntheticphasephaseMPhaseMitosisMitosisG1Phase(Presynthetic(Presyntheticphase)phase)G0PhaseRestingphaseRestingphasePart1.Thepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplastics
(2)growthfraction(GF,生长比率生长比率):
proliferatingcellpopulationGF=TotalcellpopulationGF值值越大越大,对抗肿瘤药物越敏感对抗肿瘤药物越敏感;GF值值越小越小,对抗肿瘤药物越不敏感对抗肿瘤药物越不敏感.Part1.Thepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplastics(3)classificationofantineoplasticsac-cordingtocellgenerationcycle:
cellcycle-nonspecificagents(CCNSA):
可以抑制或杀灭增殖细胞群中各期细胞可以抑制或杀灭增殖细胞群中各期细胞.alkylatingagents(烷化剂烷化剂),antitumorantibiotics(抗肿瘤抗生素抗肿瘤抗生素),preparationofplatinum(铂制剂铂制剂),etal.cellcycle-specificagents(CCSA):
这类药仅对细胞增殖周期中某一期有较强作用这类药仅对细胞增殖周期中某一期有较强作用.Ara-C(阿糖胞苷阿糖胞苷)和和HU(羟基脲羟基脲):
抑制核酸抑制核酸合成合成,对对S期作用显著期作用显著;VLB(长春碱长春碱):
选择性作用于选择性作用于M期期.Part1.ThepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplasticsPart1.Thepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplastics抗肿瘤药杀灭小鼠骨髓干细胞及淋巴细胞的量效曲线抗肿瘤药杀灭小鼠骨髓干细胞及淋巴细胞的量效曲线抗肿瘤药杀灭小鼠骨髓干细胞及淋巴细胞的量效曲线抗肿瘤药杀灭小鼠骨髓干细胞及淋巴细胞的量效曲线Part1.ThepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplasticsPart1.Thepharmacologicalbasisofantineoplastics3.Resistanceanditsmechanism:
(1)natureresistance(天然耐药性天然耐药性)
(2)acquiredresistance(获得耐药性获得耐药性)Biochemicalmechanismofresistance:
reducingdrugincell;changereceptorortargetenzyme;alternatemetabolism.(3)multidrugresistance,MDRP-glucoprotein(P-gp,P-糖蛋白糖蛋白)drugeffluxpump,与多药耐药基因与多药耐药基因(mdrl)的过度表达有关的过度表达有关.Chapter4.AntineoplasticPart2.AntineoplasticsincommonusePart2.AntineoplasticsincommonuseClassificationofantineoplasticsaccor-dingtobiochemicalmechanism:
Drugsinhibitingbiosynthesisofnucleicacid(MTX,5-FU,6-MP,HU,Ara-C,etc.);DrugsdirectlydestroyingDNAstructureandfunction(HN2,CTX,DDP,MMC,BLM,etc.);DrugsinterferingtranscriptprocessandinhibitingRNAsynthesis(ADM,DACT);Drugsinterferingproteinsynthesisandfunction(VLB,VCR,paclitaxel,etc.);DrugsinterferingHormonebalance(prednison,androgen,estrogen,etc.)Part2.Antineoplasticsincommonuse本本类类药药物物的的化化学学结结构构类类似似正正常常的的代代谢谢物物质质,例例如如叶叶酸酸(folicacid)、嘧嘧啶啶碱碱(pyrimidine)和和嘌嘌呤呤碱碱(purine)等等结结构构的的人人工工合合成成类类似似物物,与与有有关关物物质质发发生生特特异异性性的的拮拮抗抗作作用用,从从而而干干扰扰核核酸酸合合成成,尤尤其其是是DNA的的生生物物合合成成,阻阻止止肿肿瘤瘤细细胞胞的的分分裂裂繁繁殖殖.所以又称为所以又称为抗代谢药抗代谢药(anti-metabolites).它它们们主主要要作作用用于于S期期,属属于于细细胞胞周周期期特特异异性性药药物物(CCSA).Inhibitingbiosynthesisofnucleicacid:
.Inhibitingbiosynthesisofnucleicacid1.抑制二氢叶酸还原酶抑制二氢叶酸还原酶:
MTX2.抑制胸苷酸合成酶而阻止胸苷酸合成抑制胸苷酸合成酶而阻止胸苷酸合成:
5-FU3.阻止嘌呤类核苷酸合成阻止嘌呤类核苷酸合成:
6-MP4.抑制核苷酸还原酶抑制核苷酸还原酶:
HU5.抑制抑制DNA多聚酶多聚酶:
Ara-C主要有以下五种类型主要有以下五种类型:
1.抑制二氢叶酸还原酶抑制二氢叶酸还原酶:
Methotrexate(MTX,甲氨蝶呤甲氨蝶呤)
(1)pharmacologicaleffects:
MTX的的化化学学结结构构与与叶叶酸酸(folicacid)相相似似,能能够够抑抑制制二二氢氢叶叶酸酸还还原原酶酶,是是抗抗叶叶酸酸药药(anti-folates).MTXdihydrofolatereductaseFH2dTMPN5,10methyleneFH4dUMP.Inhibitingbiosynthesisofnucleicacid.InhibitingbiosynthesisofnucleicacidMTX的抗肿瘤作用机制的抗肿瘤作用机制:
inhibitingdihydrofolatereductase(抑抑制制二二氢叶酸还原酶氢叶酸还原酶):
MTX对对二二氢氢叶叶酸酸还还原原酶酶有有强强大大而而持持久久的的抑抑制制作作用用,使使5,10-甲甲撑撑四四氢氢叶叶酸酸(N5,10methyleneFH4)合合成成不不足足,使使脱脱氧氧胸胸苷苷酸酸(dTMP)合合成成受受阻阻,从而从而影响影响DNA合成合