《伦敦1802》.docx

《伦敦1802》.docx

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《伦敦1802》

Sonnet18

ByWilliamShakespeare

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:

Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimed;

Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines,

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;

Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade.

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

十四行诗（其十八）

威廉·莎士比亚

我能把你比作夏日吗？

尽管你更可爱、更温和；

夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，

季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；

天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，

常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；

每一种美都会消逝，

不管愿意或是无奈；

然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，

连你所有的美都不会褪去；

死神不忍逼近，

生命只会长存；

只要人类能呼吸，能看见；

我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。

Sonnet18isabsolutelyoneofthemostfamoussonnetsofShakespeare.AlmosteveryEnglishlearnercanrecitesomelinesofiteitherforappreciationorpleasureasboththethematicfeatureandartisticfeatureshinebrightlyandattractively.Inthefollowing,Iwillillustratemyunderstandingofthissonnetinthesetwoaspects.

Firstly,somethingaboutthesonnet’sthematicfeaure.

Thefirsttwolines,intheformofaquestionandanassertivestatement,showthepoet’sideaofcomparinghisbelovedwithasummer’sdayandalsopointoutthatthebelovedpersonismorebeautifulandlessextremethansummer.Itisunderstandablethatsummerischosenasthecomparisontargetbecauseitislovelyandpleasant.Whilethenextsixlinesdescribethelesspleasantaspectsofsummer:

thetoostongwind,theextremehotweatheraswellastheeasydisappearanceofallbeauties.Theninthlinetakesupthecomparisonwithsummeragain:

summerhasbynowbecomethesummeroflife.Thecomparisonturnsintoacontrastbyreferringbacktotheseventh.Thepoet'sassurancebecomesevenfirmerinlineselevenandtwelve,whichcontainapromisethatdeathwillbeconqueredthatthebelovedone’sspiritandlifewillsurelybeeternal.Thelasttwolinesfurthuremphasizethepoet’sbeliefthattheeternityofspiritandvirtueofhisbelovedbypointingoutthepoem’seternalfunctionandexistence.

Withthisarrangementofstructureandcontent,thepoetgivesthissonnettwothematicmeanings.Theprimarymeaningissimplyastatementtopraisethebeautyofthebelovedone.Butthemoreimportantanddeeponeisthepoet’sthoughtthatthepowerofthepoemwhichcandefytimeandlastforever.Itsdoublethemesisonedistinguishingfeatureofthesonnet.

Secondly,theanalysisofthissonnet’sartisticfeature.

Itcontains14lines.Wecaneasilyobservethattheendsofline1andline3havetheendrhyme:

/ei/,line2andline4rhymewith/eit/.Andthesefourlinesformaquatrain.Thesameformisusedinthesecondquatrainfromline5toline8,thethirdquatrainfromline9toline12.However，thelasttwolineshavetheirownform,astheyhavetheend

rhyme:

/i:

/Eachlineinthissonnetisiniambicpentameterwhichmeanseachlinehasfivefeet,usuallyanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.Forexample,wecandividethefirstlineintofiveindependentfeetas“ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer’sday?

”withaccentsonshall,com,thee,a,merrespectively.

Wecanalsofindsomerepetitionsofthesamewordsinthebeginningofseverallines,suchasthe“And”usedintheline6and7,the“Nor”inline10and11,the“solong”inline13and14.Thealliterationalsoexistsinthissonnet.Bothmakethesonnet’stonemuchmoremelodious.

Somefiguresofspeecharealsoinuselikesimileandpersonification.Wecanseethesunisregardedas“theeyeofheaven”whichisasimile.Wecanfindtheword“his”usedtodescribethesunandthedeathwhichgivesthemlifeastheillustrationoftheuseofpersonification.Thismakestheimagesthepoetpointsoutlinkedtoeachotherandvividlyformthewholeimagery.

Tomakeageneralconclusionofitsstylisticfeature,thissonnetisatypicalShakespeariansonnetwithfourteenlinesiniambicpentameter,includingthreequatrainsandonecoupletwiththerhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg.Besidesthis,sonnet18isinuseofalliterationandfiguresofspeechwhichaddmorebeautytothetonalityofthepoem.That’sallmyunderstandingofthedistinctivefeaturesofWilliamShakespeare’sSonnet18fromthematicandstylisticperspectives.

sonnet29williamshakespeare

Whenindisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes，当我时运不济又遭人冷眼

Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate，只有独自流泪这被弃的境遇

Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries，又用那徒劳的哭喊去搅扰冷漠的老天Andlookuponmyselfandcursemyfate，对影自怜咒怨命运

wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope，想象自己如某人般前程远大

Featuredlikehim，likehimwithfriendspossessed，又或似他一表人才盛友如云

Desiringthisman'sart，andthatman'sscope，艳羡这人的学问那人的的度量

WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast；于自己最自得之处却最不满意

Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising，但在这自轻自贱的想法里

HaplyIthinkonthee——andthenmystate，倘若一想起你——我的心怀呵

Liketothelarkatbreakofdayarising便如同初晓的云雀冲天而起

Fromsullenearthsingshymnsatheaven'sgate；离了那阴霾大地在天门里唱起颂曲Forthysweetloverememberedsuchwealthbrings，因你的纯爱赐予我如此丰盈追忆ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.即便与国王调换际遇我也嗤之以鼻Summary

Resentinghisbadluck,thepoetenviesthesuccessfulartofothersandrattlesoffanimpressivecatalogueoftheillsandmisfortunesofhislife.Hisdepressionisderivedfromhisbeingseparatedfromtheyoungman,evenmoresobecauseheenvisionstheyouthinthecompanyofotherswhilethepoetis"allalone."Stylistically,Sonnet29istypicallyShakespeareaninitsform.Thefirsteightlines,whichbeginwith"When,"establishaconditionalargumentandshowthepoet'sfrustrationwithhiscraft.Thelastsixlines,expectedlybeginninginline9with"Yet"—similartoothersonnets'"But"—andresolvingtheconditionalargument,presentasplendidimageofamorninglarkthat"singshymnsatheaven'sgate."Thisimageepitomizesthepoet'sdelightfulmemoryofhisfriendshipwiththeyouthandcompensatesforthemisfortuneshehaslamented.

赏析Thisisoneofshakespeare'smoreambiguoussonnets:

onedoesnotknowwhothespeakerisreferringtooriftheword"love"inthissonnetreferstoaromanticloveoraplatoniclove.

Thewholepoemexpressesthechangesoftheauthor'sinnerfeelings,whicharefromdisappointtohopeful,fromnegativetopositive,fromdesperatetoattectionate,fromself-abasedtoconfident.disclosesthedesireofappetite,lustandpowerandproposesthatappetiteisthebasicdesire,lusthasitsownduality,thedesireforpowerisadangerandfinallythepapergivesawaytodealwiththedesires.

Itisapoemwhichhelpsussensethegreatnessoflove,whichisthecenterofhislife,thesunshineonacloudyday.

按：

《伦敦1802》是一首充满节奏感的十四行诗，诗人以第二人称的口气对已故的诗人约翰·弥尔顿倾吐心声。

英国诗人弥尔顿（1608-1674），因作品《失乐园》而广为知晓。

诗人一边赞美弥尔顿，一边不满于英国社会的现实问题。

诗人认为英国曾经是一个有着幸福、宗教、骑士、亲情、艺术和文学的伟大国家，而现在这些美誉已丧失。

诗人形容现代的英国像一方沼泽，人们自私，必须用“礼仪，美德，自由和权力”进行教导。

诗人赞美弥尔顿，把他比着自然景物，如星辰，大海和天空。

因为华兹华斯崇尚大自然，所以这是诗人对弥尔顿最高的赞誉。

London1802

byWilliamWordsworth

Milton!

thoushould'stbelivingatthishour:

Englandhathneedofthee:

sheisafen

Ofstagnantwaters:

altar,sword,andpen,

Fireside,theheroicwealthofhallandbower,

HaveforfeitedtheirancientEnglishdower

Ofinwardhappiness.Weareselfishmen;

Oh!

raiseusup,returntousagain;

Andgiveusmanners,virtue,freedom,power.

ThysoulwaslikeaStar,anddweltapart:

Thouhadstavoicewhosesoundwaslikethesea:

Pureasthenakedheavens,majestic,free,

Sodidstthoutravelonlife'scommonway,

Incheerfulgodliness;andyetthyheart

Thelowliestdutiesonherselfdidlay

伦敦1802

威廉·华兹华斯诗/黎历译

弥尔顿！

你应该生活在此刻：

英格兰需要你，一个流水淤滞而成

的沼泽地：

祭坛，利剑，豪笔，

炉边，无穷无尽的巨厅和亭台，

已丧失古时英国人追求

内心幸福的赋秉。

我们是自私的人类;

哦！

抚养我们，回到我们中间;

并赐予我们礼仪，美德，自由和权力。

你的灵魂像一颗遥远的星星：

你的声音像大海那样的雄浑：

似裸露天空般的纯洁，庄严而无拘，

你同样在生活的甬道上

快乐虔诚地跋涉；然而

琐碎之事你也能尽心。

Analysis

"London,1802"isasonnetwitharhymeschemeofabbaabbacddece.

ThepoemiswritteninthesecondpersonandaddressesthelatepoetJohnMilton,wholivedfrom1608–1674andismostfamousforhavingwrittenParadiseLost.

Thepoemhastwomainpurposes,oneofwhichistopayhomagetoMiltonbysayingthathecansavetheentiretyofEnglandwithhisnobilityandvirtue.

TheotherpurposeofthepoemistodrawattentiontowhatWordsworthfeelsaretheproblemswithEnglishsociety.

AccordingtoWordsworth,Englandwasonceagreatplaceofhappiness,religion,chivalry,art,andliterature,butatthepresentmomentthosevirtueshavebeenlost.

WordsworthcanonlydescribemodernEnglandasaswampland,wherepeopleareselfishandmustbetaughtaboutthingslike"manners,virtue,freedom,power."

NoticethatWordsworthcomplimentsMiltonbycomparinghimtothingsfoundinnature,suchasthestars,thesea,and"theheavens."ForWordsworth,beinglikenedtonatureisthehighestcomplimentpossible.

"London,1802"isapoembytheEnglishRomanticpoetWilliamWordsworth.InthepoemWordsworthcastigatestheEnglishpeopleasstagnantandselfish,andeulogisesseventeenth-centurypoetJohnMilton.

Composedin1802,"London,1802"waspublishedforthefirsttimeinPoems,inTwoVolumes（1807）.

Structureandsynopsis

WordsworthbeginsthepoembywishingthatMiltonwerestillalive,for"Englandhathneedofthee."ThisisbecauseitishisopinionthatEnglandhasstagnatedmorallybycomparisontoMilton'speriod.Tothisend,WordsworthpleadsforMiltontorathermessianically"raiseusup,returntousagain;/Andgiveusmanners,virtue,freedom,power."

Inthesixsubsequentlines（thesestet）followingthefirsteightlines（theoctave）,WordsworthexplainswhyMil