NDE03RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE FOR BUTT WELDS.docx
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NDE03RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
RadiographicExaminationProcedureforButtWelds
Rev.No.
PreparedBy
Date
Reviewed&ApprovedBy
Date
1.
General
1.1ThisprocedureisappliedtotheX-rayradiographicexaminationofbuttweldsforpressurevesselsconstructedinaccordancewithASMECodeSectionⅧDiv.1.
1.2Thisprocedureshallbesupplemented,whennecessary,withtheexaminationinstructionsdefiningmorespecificvariables,whichwillbepreparedbytheRTLevelⅡandapprovedbytheRTLevelⅢ.
2.QualificationofExaminationPersonnel
2.1AnypersonengagedinradiographicexaminationshallbequalifiedandcertifiedasaradiographicexaminerinaccordancewithTianDa’s“WrittenPracticeforNDEPersonnelTraining,QualificationandCertification”（HTD/NDE-01）.
2.2TheRTLevelⅠshallreceivethenecessaryinstructionorsupervisionfromacertifiedRTLevelⅡorLevelⅢExaminer.TheRTLevelⅡshallreceivetheinstructionorsupervisionfromaRTLevelⅢExaminer.
2.3Accordingtotherespectiveresponsibilityrange,allexaminersshallcompletetheexaminationconformingtothereferencingASMECodeSections,standardsandwritteninstructions.Theyshallassuretheworkingquality.
3.Equipment,ToolsandMaterials
TheLevelⅡExaminershallselecttheequipment,toolsandmaterialstoassurethattheyareincompliancewiththefollowingconditionsandtherequirementoftheexaminationinstruction.
3.1Oneofthex-rayequipmentshallbeselectedfromTable1.
Table1X-rayEquipment
Type
Manufacturer
Max.Tube
Voltage（kVp）
Max.Tube
Current（Ma）
FocalSize（mm2）
RF-300EGs.2
日本
300
5
2.0×2.0
XXH-3005
DANDONG
300
5
1.0×2.3
3.2Film
RadiographsshallbemadeusingindustrialradiographicfilmsuchasAGFA-T3.Whenusingtwofilmsmethods,twodifferenttypesoffilmsshallbeused.
3.3IntensifyingScreen
AsuitableleadscreenshallbeselectedfromTable2.
Table2IntensifyingScreenThicknessPb（mm）
TubeVoltage
FrontScreen
BackScreen
160~300kV
0.03
0.03
3.4DensitometerandStepWedgeFilm
3.4.1ThedigitaldensitometerlistedinTable3shallbeusedforjudgingradiographdensity.
Table3Densitometer
Type
Manufacturer
Meas.Range
Meas.Precision
DM2010
SHENYANG
0.00-4.00D
±0.05D
3.4.2Thedensitometersshallbecalibratedanddocumentedatleastevery90daysduringusedbytheNDELevelⅡorⅢExaminerasfallows:
3.4.2.1Astepwedgecalibrationfilm,traceabletoanationalstandardsteptabletandhavingatleast5stepswithneutraldensitiesfromatleast1.0through4.0,shallbeused.Thestepwedgecalibrationfilmshallhavebeencalibratedbyanauthorizedexternalagencywithinthelastyear.
3.4.2.2Thedensitometermanufacturer’sstep-by-stepinstructionfortheoperationofdensitometershallbefollowed.
3.4.2.3Thedensitystepsclosestto1.0,2.0,3.0,and4.0onthestepwedgecalibrationfilmshallberead.
3.4.2.4Thedensitometerisacceptableifthedensityreadingsdonotvarybymorethan±0.05densityunitsfromtheactualdensitystatedonthestepwedgecalibrationfilm.
3.4.3PeriodicVerification
PeriodiccalibrationverificationchecksfordensitometershallbeperformedasdescribedinPara.3.4.2atthebeginningofeachshift,after8hrofcontinuoususe,orafterchangeofapertures,whichevercomesfirst.Theseverificationchecksdonothavetobedocumented.
3.5ImageQualityIndication（IQI）
3.5.1TypeandmaterialofIQIs
（1）ThewiretypeIQIpresentedasFig.1andTab.4shallbeused.ThewiretypeIQIshallbemanufacturedandidentifiedinaccordancewiththerequirementsinSE-747,exceptthatthelargestwiremembermaybeomitted.
（2）TheIQIshallbefabricatedfrommaterialoralloywithsameorlessradiationabsorptionthanthematerialbeingradiographyed.
Fig1IQITypeandDesignation
Table4IQISetsandwireDiameter
WireDiametersin.（mm）
SetA
WireNo.
SetB
WireNo.
0.0032（0.08）
1
0.010（0.25）
6
0.004（0.10）
2
0.013（0.33）
7
0.005（0.13）
3
0.016（0.41）
8
0.0063（0.16）
4
0.020（0.51）
9
0.008（0.20）
5
0.025（0.64）
10
0.010（0.25）
6
0.032（0.81）
11
SetC
WireNo.
SetD
WireNo.
0.032（0.81）
11
0.100（2.54）
16
0.040（1.02）
12
0.126（3.20）
17
0.050（1.27）
13
0.160（4.06）
18
0.063（1.60）
14
0.200（5.08）
19
0.080（2.03）
15
0.250（6.35）
20
0.100（2.54）
16
0.320（8.13）
21
3.6FacilitiesforViewingRadiographs
3.6.1IlluminatorusedtoviewradiographsshallbeverifiedthatithassufficientintensitytobevisiblefortheessentialwirediameterofIQIandcandiffusethelightuniformly.Whentheradiographissmallerthantheviewingportionofilluminatororwillincludelowdensityareas,themasksshallbeprovidedtoexcludeanyextraneouslight.
3.6.2ViewingRoom
Subduedbackgroundlightingshallbeprovidedsuchthattheintensityshallnotcausetroublesomereflection,shadowsorglaresontheradiograph.
4.CheckOfSurfaceToBeExamined
Priortostartingofradiographicexamination,theExaminershallcheckorverifythatthesurfacetobeexaminedsatisfiesthefollowingconditions.
ThereinforcementofbuttweldedjointsiswithinthevaluespecifiedinSectionⅧDivision1asshowninTable6
Table6TheReinforcementofButtWeldedJointsinPressureVessels
NominalThickness
in.（mm）
MaximumReinforcementin.（mm）
CategoryB&CButtwelds
OtherWelds
<3/32（<2.4）
3/32（2.4）
1/32（0.8）
3/32~3/16（2.4~4.8）
1/8（3.2）
1/16（1.6）
>3/16~1/2（>4.8~13）
5/32（4.0）
3/32（2.4）
>1/2~1（>13~25）
3/16（4.8）
3/32（2.4）
>1~2（>25~51）
1/4（5）
1/8（3.2）
>2~3（>51~76）
1/4（6）
5/32（4.0）
>3~4（>76~102）
1/4（6）
7/32（6）
>4~5（>102~127）
1/4（6）
1/4（6）
>5（>127）
5/16（8）
5/16（8）
Notes:
（a）Fordoubleweldedbuttjoints,thislimitationonreinforcementgivenaboveshallapplyseparatelytobothinsideandoutsidesurfacesofthejoint.
（b）Forsingleweldedbuttjoints,thereinforcementlimitsgivenaboveshallapplytotheoutsidesurfaceofthejointonly.
（c）Thicknessofweldreinforcementshallbebasedonthethicknessofthethinnerofthematerialsbeingjoined.
（d）Theweldreinforcementthicknessshallbedeterminedfromthehigheroftheabuttingsurfacesinvolved.
（e）Weldreinforcementmayberemovedifsodesired.
4.1Anysurfaceirregularities,suchasweldripples,splashing,undercutandsurfaceroughness,cannotmaskorbeconfusedwiththeimageofanydiscontinuity.
5.SetupforExposure
LevelⅠorlevelⅡindividualshallsetuptheequipment,toolsandmaterialsforexposureinaccordancewiththeexaminationinstructionsoallrequirementsforradiographwillbemet.ThesetupinformationshallbetrulyandclearlyrecordedasdescribedinParagraph10.
5.1ArrangementofFilm,IQIandMarkers.
5.1.1Filmcassette,IQIandmarkersshallbeplacedinaccordancewithFig.4.TheExaminerwhoperformstheexposureshallcarefullyinsertthespecifiedfilmintocassetteandattachthe“B”markonitsback.
5.1.2Ifthedensityoftheradiographanywherethroughtheareaofinterestvariesbymorethan–15%or+30%fromthedensityadjacenttothedesignatedwireofawireIQIwithintheminimumandmaximumallowabledensityrangesspecifiedinTable7,thentwoIQIsshallbeused.Oneshallbeplacedonthelightestareaofinterestandtheothershallbeplacedonthedarkestareaofinterest.
Table7AcceptableMin&MaxDensity
MethodofViewing
DensityofRadiograph
Minimum
Maximum
Single
1.8
4.0
Composite
1.3﹡
4.0
﹡Eachradiographofacompositesetshallhaveaminimumdensityof1.3.
5.2GeometricConditionforExposure.
5.2.1Source-to-objectdistanceanddistancefromsourcesideofobjecttothefilmshallmeettherequirementsofgeometricunsharpness（Ug）.ThegeometricunsharpnessofradiographshallnotexceedwhatdescribedinTable8.
Table8AcceptableUnsharpnessin（mm）
ThicknessofMaterial
Ugmax
<2（<51）
≤0.020（≤0.5）
ThegeometricunsharpnessUgoftheradiographyshallbedeterminedinaccordancewith:
Ug=Fd/D
Where:
F=sourcesize:
themax.projecteddimensionoftheradiatingsource（oreffectivefocalspot）intheplaneperpendiculartothedistanceDfromtheweldorobjectbeingradiographyed.
d=distancefromsourcesidesurfaceoftheweldorobjectbeingradiographyedtothefilm.
D=Distancefromsourceofradiationtoweldorobjectbeingradiographyed.
5.2.2Thedensityandsensitivitywithintheeffectiveviewingareaforonefilmshallconformtotherequirementspecified.Theeffectiveexaminationlengthcanbedeterminedbymethodofactualexaminations.
5.2.3Ingeneral,thedirectionofthecentralbeamofradiationshallbeperpendicularlycenteredontheareaofinterest.Whenspecialdefectsneedtobedetected,itshallbebasedontheexaminationinstructionpreparedandapprovedbytheLevelⅢ.
6.IQISelection
6.1ThedesignatedessentialminimumwirediametershallbeasspecifiedinTable9.
Table9IQISelection
Nominalsingle-wallMaterialThicknessRange,in（mm）
SourceSideIQI
FilmSideIQI
EssentialWire
Diameter
in（mm）
WireNo.
EssentialWire
Diameter
in（mm）
WireNo.
≤0.25（≤6.4）
0.008（0.20）
5
0.006（0.16）
4
>0.25~0.375（>6.4~9.5）
0.010（0.25）
6
0.008（0.20）
5
>0.375~0.5（>9.5~12.7）
0.013（0.33）
7
0.010（0.25）
6
>0.5~0.75（>12.7~19.0）
0.016（0.41）
8
0.013（0.33）
7
>0.75~1.00（>19.0~25.4）
0.020（0.51）
9
0.016（0.41）
8
>1.00~1.50（>25.4~38.1）
0.025（0.64）
10
0.020（0.51）
9
>1.50~2.00（>38.1~50.8）
0.032（0.81）
11
0.025（0.64）
10
6.2Forweldswithreinforcements,thethicknessonwhichtheIQIisbasedisthenominalsingl
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