山西省永济中学高二英语下学期期末考试试题.docx

山西省永济中学高二英语下学期期末考试试题.docx

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山西省永济中学高二英语下学期期末考试试题

山西省永济中学2020高二英语下学期期末考试试题

（本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考查范围与高考相同。

）

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节　（共15小题，每小题3分，共45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Therearemanyuniversitiesthathavebeeninexistenceforalongtimeandarestillverypopularfortheirqualityeducation.Thefollowingarethreeofthem.

UniversityofOxford,England

Thefoundationyearofthisuniversityisaround1096.Thereisevidenceofteachingbeingundertakenthen.Itgainedalotofpopularityintheearly1167,asHenryⅡputabanonEnglishstudentsfromenteringtheUniversityofParis.Itisregardedasoneofthebestplacestogetahighereducationtoday,anditconsistsof38differentcollegesspecializinginvariousfieldsofstudy.

UniversityofSalamanca,Spain

ThisistheoldestuniversityinSpain,andislocatedinthetownofSalamanca,westofMadrid.ItisthethirdoldestuniversityinEuropethathasbeenincontinuousoperationsinceitwasfoundedin1218.Today,itisthemostimportantinstitutionintheworldforstudyinghumanitiesandlanguages.ChristopherColumbusissaidtohaveconsultedwithitsscholarswhenhewasseekingaroutetoIndies.

UniversityofPadua,Italy

ThisisthechiefuniversityofItaly.Itwasstartedasalawschool.Itissaidtobefoundedin1222byagroupofstudentsandprofessors.Theology（神学）andlawwerethefirstsubjectstaughthere.Thefieldsofbotany,history,andtheaterarethemostwell-knownandpursuedcourseshere,andithasestablisheditsgreatnessintheeducatedworld.In2020,itwasrankedasthebestuniversityamongallItalianeducationalinstitutionsforhighereducation.

1.HowdidtheUniversityofOxfordbecomequitepopular?

A.ItreceivedalotoffinancialsupportfromHenryⅡ.

B.Itdecidedtorunmorecoursestoeducatemorestudents.

C.HenryⅡallowedtheuniversitytoacceptforeignstudents.

D.HenryⅡforbadeEnglishstudentstoattendtheUniversityofParis.

2．TheauthormentionsChristopherColumbustoshow.

A.scholarsintheUniversityofSalamancaareknowledgeable

B.ColumbusgraduatedfromtheUniversityofSalamanca

C.Columbuswasgratefulforthehelpprovidedbytheuniversity

D.someofhisfriendsintheuniversityheldafarewellpartyforhim

3．WhatdoweknowabouttheUniversityofPadua?

A.ItislocatedinthewestofMadrid.

B.ItisthethirdoldestuniversityinEurope.

C.Theologyandlawwerethefirstsubjectstaughtthere.

D.Itisthepremierinstitutionintheworldforstudyinghumanities.

B

Everysummerthereareafewreportsofsharkattacksatbeaches,andeveryyearpeopleseemshocked.Herearethefacts:

Sharksliveinthewater,andwhenpeoplegointhewatertheybecomeapotentialfoodsourceforsharks.Sharksattackhumansforthesamereasontheydoanything:

becausetheyaretryingtosurvive.Still,sharkattacksarenotcommon,andifyouheadtothebeachyourchancesofgettingeatenaren’tveryhigh.Mostsharks,especiallythoseclosetoshore,aren’tbigenoughtothreatenyou.

Thewhalesharkistechnicallythelargestsharkintheworldatamaximumlengthofaroundfiftyfeet.However,thewhalesharkisafilterfeeder（滤食动物）,andunlessyouareplankton（浮游生物）,youhavenothingtofearfromit.

Sharksaredangerousanimals,andifyoudecidetogointothewater,youareenteringtheirarea.Butthesadtruthisthatsharkshavefarmoretofearfromhumansthanwedofromthem.Illegalfishingpracticeshavedecreasedthesharkpopulationaroundtheworld,andfewspeciesgounscathed.Whenasharkattacksahumantheyareonlytryingtosurvive,buthumanshavedestroyedthesharkpopulationfornoreasonotherthangreed.Asmuchasyoumayfearsharks,theyareaveryimportantpartofthenaturalworld.Withpropereducationandconservationeffortsmanyspeciescancomeback,butonlyifenoughpeopleareinterestedinmakingadifference.

Ahealthyfearofsharksoranywildanimalisagoodthing.Itremindsusofourplaceintheworldfromtimetotime.And,remember,thesurestwaytoavoidasharkattackistostayoutofthewater!

4．Whydosharksattackhumanseverysummer?

A.Theywanttodrivehumansaway.

B.Theywanttosurvive.

C.Theytreathumansasinterestingtoys.

D.Theybecomestrongafterattackinghumans.

5．Whatcanweknowaboutthewhalesharkfromthetext?

A.Itmainlyfeedsonplanktonintheoceans.

B.Itisthesecondlargestsharkintheworld.

C.Itcangrowtoaminimumlengthof50feet.

D.Itisthemostdangerousanimalforhumans.

6．Whatshouldhumansdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Benefitfromallwildanimals.

B.Avoidfearingsharksofallkinds.

C.Liveinharmonywithwildanimals.

D.Stayinsharks’areawhileswimming.

7．Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?

A.Protectiveeffortshaven’tmadeanydifference.

B.Humanshavemoretofearfromsharksthantheydofromus.

C.Thesharkpopulationhasdecreasedgreatlybecauseofhumangreed.

D.Humanshavebecomegreediereversincesharksbegantoattackhmans.

C

Withtheriseofdigitaltechnology,papermapshavegraduallygivenwaytosatellite-aidedtravel.Ofcourse,therearenumerousadvantagesofGPS.Youdonotneedtounderstandcomplexmapsymbolsorplotoutyourroute.You’relesslikelytogetlostbecauseGPSannouncesturn-by-turndirectionsinrealtime.GPSautomaticallyupdatesitself.Itinformsyouoftrafficjamsandchangesyourrouteifnecessary.

Butevenwithsomanypluses,GPSisn’tasreliableoraccurateasyoumightthink.Physicalmapsstillofferafewadvantagesthattechnologycan’t.Foronething,studyingamapallowsyoutohaveawholeviewofwhereyou’regoing,includingtheroads,forests,towns,historicsites,rivers,mountainsandcitiesyou’llrunintoalongtheway.Yousimplydon’tgetthatfromasmallGPSscreenthatshowslittlemorethanyournextexit.AccordingtoBetsyMason,authorof“AllOverTheMap:

ACartographicOdyssey”,mapscanbefarmorethanjustnavigational（导航的）aid.Hethinksmanyoldermapsarebrilliant,offeringalovelyfeastfortheeyes.Plus,theycantakeyoubackintime,showingyouhowplacestransformacrosstheages.

Mapsevenoccasionallybringaboutsurprisingresults.Forexample,whengeologistscomparedmapsofdamagefromthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewithmapsofthegeologicstructureundertheseareas,theyquicklynoticedaconnectionbetweenthetypeofrockandsediment（沉积物）beneathbuildingsandtheirpossibilityoffallingdown.

Apapermapisamust-haveforyourtravels.Sonexttimeyougetaround,alsocarryapapermaporabookofmapsasahandybackup.Itwillincreaseyourtravelexperiencesandcouldevenbealife-saver.

8．OneadvantageofGPSisthat.

A.itisregularlyupdatedB.itguaranteesnotrafficjams

C.itofferstotallyreliableinformationD.ithelpsyouunderstandmapsymbols

9．WhatdoesMasonthinkaboutoldmaps?

A.Theyareworthalotofmoney.B.Theyhelpusexploreaplace’spast.

C.TheytellussomelocaltraditionsD.Theyofferafullpictureofthedestination.

10．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusbytheexampleinParagraph3?

A.Mapsplayedaroleinsavingvictims.B.Mapsmayleadtoimportantdiscoveries.

C.WeshouldusemapstopredictthequakeD.Weshouldlearnlessonsfromthedisaster.

11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AdvantagesofUsingGPSB.WaysofUsingPaperMaps

C.AreDigitalMapsontheRise?

D.WhyWeStillNeedPaperMaps?

D

Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousheepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatthesleepingbraincanactuallyencode（编码）newinformationandstoreitforalongterm,”saidMarcZüst,co-first-authorofthepaper.

Forthestudy,researchersplayedrecordingsofforeignwordsandtheirtranslationstosleepingsubjectsenjoyingdeepsleep,astagewhenapersonhaslittleconsciousness（意识）oftheirenvironment.Toensurethattheresultswerenotcompromisedbyforeignlanguagewordsthatsubjectsmayhavehadsomeconnectionwithatsomepointintheirwakinglives,researchersmadeuptotallyartificialforeignwords.Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththeartificialwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.Thesubjectswerethenaskedtoimaginewhethertheymeantanobjectthatwassmallerorlargerthanashoebox.

Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.That’snotaratehighenoughtohavethemsuddenlyspeakinaforeigntongue,butitisenoughtosuggestthatthebrainisstillabsorbinginformationonsomelevel,evenduringsleep.

“Ifyoupresent‘biktum’and‘bird’tosleepinghumans,theirbrainscanmakeanewconnectionbetweentheknownconcept‘bird’andthecompletelynewandunknownword‘biktum’,”Züstexplained.“Thissleep-formedmemorytrace（痕迹）lastsuntilthefollowingwakefulnessandcaninfluencehowyoureactto‘biktum’eventhoughyouthinkyou’venevermetwiththatwordbefore.“Ifinditamazingthathumansarecompetentatsuchcomplexinformationprocessingwithoutconsciousness,”saidZüst.

Thenextstepforresearcherswillbetoseeifnewinformationcanbeacquiredquickerduringwakefulnessifitisalreadypresentedduringsleep.Ifso,itcouldforeverchangehowwetrainourbrainstolearnnewthings.Sleeplearningmightbecomeawidespreadpractice.

12．Whatcanwedoaccordingtothenewstudy?

A.Improveourmemorygreatly.B.Learnlanguageswhilesleeping.

C.Changeoursleepinapositiveway.D.Speaknewvocabularyduringdeepsleep.

13．Whatdoestheunde