卧式钻镗两用组合机床的液压系统设计解读.docx

卧式钻镗两用组合机床的液压系统设计解读.docx

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卧式钻镗两用组合机床的液压系统设计解读

兰州工业学院

毕业设计（论文

题目:

卧式钻镗两用组合机床的液压系统设计

系别机械工程系

专业机电一体化

班级

姓名

学号

指导教师（职称朱琪（副教授

日期

兰州工业学院

毕业设计（论文任务书机械工程系2013届机电一体化技术专业毕业设计（论文任务书

注:

本任务书要求一式两份,一份系部留存,一份报教务处实践教学科。

摘要

针对卧式钻镗两用组合机床的液压系统设计,除了满足主机在动作和性能方面规定的要求外,还必须符合体积小、重量轻、成本低、效率高、结构简单、工作可靠、使用和维修方便等一些公认的普遍设计原则。

液压系统的设计主要是根据已知的条件,来确定液压工作方案、液压流量、压力和液压泵及其它相关元件的设计。

作为一种高效率的专用机床,组合机床在大批、大量机械加工生产中应用广泛。

本次设计将以组合机床动力滑台液压系统设计为例,介绍该组合机床液压系统的设计方法和设计步骤,其中包括组合机床动力滑台液压系统的工况分析、主要参数确定、液压系统原理图的拟定、液压元件的选择、系统性能验算以及相关的PLC控制设计等。

关键词:

组合机床;液压系统;液压元件;PLC

ABSTRACT

Accordingtothedesignofhydraulicsystemofhorizontaldrillingandboringmachine,inadditiontomeetthehostspecifiedintheactionandperformancerequirements,butalsomustmeetthesmallsize,lightweight,lowcost,highefficiency,simplestructure,reliablework,convenienttouseandrepairandotherrecognizeduniversaldesignprinciples.Thedesignofhydraulicsystemisbasedontheknownconditions,todeterminethedesignofhydraulicproject,hydraulicflow,pressureandhydraulicpumpsandotherrelatedelements.

Asaspecialmachineforhighefficiency,combinedmachinetooliswidelyusedinlargenumbers,manymechanicalprocessingproduction.Thedesignofthecombinationmachinetoolhydraulicpressuresystemdesignasanexample,introducesthedesignmethodofthehydraulicsystemofmodularmachinetoolandthedesignprocedure,includingcombinationmachinetoolhydraulicpressuresystemconditionanalysis,determinationofmainparameters,formulate,principlediagramofhydraulicsystemofhydrauliccomponentsselection,systemperformancecalculationandtherelatedPLCcontroldesignetc..

Keywords:

combinationmachine;hydraulicsystem;hydrauliccomponents

任务书........................................................................................................................................1摘要.......................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II1绪论.........................................................................................................................................11.1设计的目的、范围和背景..........................................................................................11.2液压传动的发展历程及特点......................................................................................11.2.1液压传动的发展历程.......................................................................................11.2.2我国的液压技术发展.......................................................................................11.2.3液压技术的发展趋势......................................................................................21.3液压传动的组成及特点.............................................................................................31.3.1液压传动的组成...............................................................................................31.3.2液压传动的特点...............................................................................................31.4理论依据、实验基础和研究方法..............................................................................41.5预期的结果及其地位、作用和意义..........................................................................4

1.6本章小结......................................................................................................................5

2液压系统设计.........................................................................................................................72.1组合机床工作情况分析,确定液压系统主要参数..................................................72.1.1负载分析...........................................................................................................72.1.2运动分析...........................................................................................................82.1.3确定液压缸的主要结构参数...........................................................................82.2设计方案,初拟液压系统原理图............................................................................112.2.1调速方式的选择.............................................................................................112.2.2快速回路和速度换接方式的选择.................................................................112.2.3油源的选择和能耗控制................................................................................122.2.4组成液压系统原理图.....................................................................................13

2.3本章小结....................................................................................................................13

3液压缸的设计......................................................................................................................153.1液压缸的主要零件确定及其技术要求...................................................................153.1.1缸体................................................................................................................153.1.2缸盖................................................................................................................153.2液压缸主要尺寸的确定............................................................................................163.2.1液压缸壁厚和外径的计算............................................................................163.2.2缸筒结构设计................................................................................................173.2.3液压缸工作行程的确定................................................................................173.2.4缸盖厚度的确定............................................................................................173.2.5最小导向长度的确定....................................................................................173.2.6缸体长度的确定............................................................................................183.2.7活塞杆的强度校核.........................................................................................183.3液压缸的结构设计...................................................................................................193.3.1缸体与缸盖的连接形式.................................................................................193.3.2活塞杆与活塞的连接结构............................................................................193.3.3活塞杆导向部分的结构................................................................................19

3.3.4法兰盘与钢体连接........................................................................................203.3.5活塞杆与工作台的连接................................................................................20

3.4本章小结...................................................................................................................20

4验算液压系统性能...............................................................................................................214.1验算系统压力损失....................................................................................................214.1.1判断流动状态.................................................................................................214.1.2计算系统压力损失.........................................................................................214.2验算系统发热与温升................................................................................................23

4.3本章小结....................................................................................................................24

5液压站的设计......................................................................................................................255.1液压站的结构设计...................................................................................................255.1.1液压泵组的安装方式....................................................................................255.1.2油箱的设计....................................................................................................265.2确定液压泵和电机的规格........................................................................................295.3阀类元件和辅助元件的选择....................................................................................305.3.1阀类元件的选择.............................................................................................305.4其它元件的选择........................................................................................................305.4.1过滤器的选择.................................................................................................305.4.2空气滤清器的选择........................................................................................325.4.3压力表及压力表开关的选择........................................................................335.4.4液位计的选择................................................................................................335.4.5油管的选择.....................................................................................................345.5液压控制装置的集成方式.......................................................................................355.5.1集成块的设计原则......................................................................................365.5.2集成块的结构设计......................................................................................375.5.3集成块装配与调试......................................................................................385.6液压站装配图的绘制...............................................................................................38

5.7本章小结...................................................................................................................38

6可编程序控制器控制系统..................................................................................................396.1液压系统PLC控制系统...........................................................................................396.1.1可编程序控制器的特点和应用....................................................................