甘肃省兰州市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练8.docx
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甘肃省兰州市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练8
甘肃省兰州市2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练(8)
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnitedStateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways—education,medicine,andbusiness.Quietly,theagingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety—oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.
Aperson’sagenolongertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageorhealth.There’snolongeraparticularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgetsmarriedorstartsafamily.Thesocialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool,getajob,orstopworkingisn’tasstrongasitusedtobe.Itdoesn’tsurpriseustohearofa29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,ora70-year-oldmanwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.
Manypeoplesay,“Iammuchyoungerthanmymotherormyfatherwasatmyage.”Noonesays“Actyourage”anymore.We’vestoppedlookingwithsurpriseatolderpeoplewhoactinyouthfulways.
1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheagingofthepopulationinAmerica________.
A.hasmadepeoplefeelyounger
B.haschangedpeople’ssocialposition
C.haschangedpeople’sunderstandingofage
D.hassloweddownthecountry’ssocialdevelopment
2.Theunderlinedword“one”refersto________.
A.asocietyB.AmericaC.aplaceD.population
3.“Actyourage”meanspeopleshould________.
A.beactivewhentheyareold
B.dotherightthingattherightage
C.showrespecttotheirparentsyoungorold
D.takemorephysicalexercisessuitabletotheirage
4.Ifa’25-year-oldmanbecomesgeneralmanagerofabigfirm,thewriterofthetextwouldmostprobablyconsiderit_________.
A.normalB.wonderful C.unbelievableD.unreasonable
【参考答案及解析】
1.C主旨题。
根据第一、二段的最后一句及第三段可判断。
2.A细节题。
one是asociety的同位语且后面跟了一个定语从句,可以通过分析句子结构得出正确答案。
3.B细节题。
全文最后一句话给出了提示。
4.A推理题。
可仔细阅读第二段中倒数第二句话。
阅读理解。
Thewaywedothingsroundhere
Someyearsago,IwashiredbyanAmericanbank.IreceivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDepartmentthatstarted,“DearJohn,Iamquitepleasedthatyouhavedecidedtojoinus.”That“quite”saddenedme.Ithought
hewassaying“we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinusalthoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse.”ThenIdiscoveredthatinAmericanEnglish“quite”sometimesmeans“very”,whileinBritishEnglishitmeans“fairly”.
SothefirstlessonaboutworkinginothercountriesistolearnthelanguageandbythatIdon'tjustmeanthewordspeoplespeak.Itisbodylanguage,dress,manners,ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmanyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures(文化).
Someofthesedifferencesmaybeonlyonthesurface—dress,foodandhoursofwork—whileothersmaybedeeperandtakelongertodealwith.Mostly,itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem,liketheclimate(气候),whilegettingonwithbusiness.
Someofthedifferencesmaybeanimprovement.Peoplearemorepolite;theserviceisbetter;youaskforsomethingtobedoneandithappenswithouthavingtoaskagain.However,otherdifferencescanbetroubling,likepunctuality(准时).Ifyouinvitepeopletoapartyat7o'clockyourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany,fiveminutesearlyintheAmericanMidwest,anhourearlyinJapan,15minutesafterwardsintheUK,uptoanhourafterwardsinItalyandsometimeintheeveninginGreece.Iprefernottousetheword“late”becausethereisnothingwrongwiththetimespeoplearrive.Itissimplytheacceptedthingtodointheirowncountry.
本文介绍了作者所感受到的文化差异。
1.TheauthorwasunhappyasmentionedinParagraph1becausehethought________.
A.theAmericanbankdidn'tthinkmuchofhim
B.theAmericanbankmighthireanotherperson
C.it'sdifficulttogetusedtoAmericanculture
D.it'seasytomisunderstandAmericans
答案:
A。
推理判断题。
由第一段中“That“quite”saddenedme”.可以推断出作者认为这家美国银行不重视他。
2.Theunderlinedword“highlights”inParagraph2probablymeans________.
A.encouragesB.helpstonarrow
C.increasesD.drawsattentionto
答案:
D。
词义猜测题。
由下文可知人们做事情的方式引起了作者对文化差异的关注。
3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedowith
mostculturaldifferences?
A.Askthenativepeopleforhelp.B.Understandandacceptthem.
C.Dothingsinourownway.D.Doindepthresearch.
答案:
B。
细节理解题。
由第三段最后一句可知我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异。
4.Wheninvitedtoapartythepeoplewhoareusuallypunctualare________.
A.ItaliansB.Germans
C.GreeksD.theBritish
答案:
B。
细节理解题。
由最后一段“Ifyouinvitepeople...ontimeinGermany...”可知B项正确。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Asahumanbeingyoumayhavethechoiceofthreebasicattitudestowardslife.Youmaytreatlifewiththephilosophy(哲学)ofthevegetable,inwhichcaseyourlifewillincludebeingborn,eating,drinking,sleeping,marrying,growingoldanddying.
Thesecondbasicattitudeistolookatlifeasifitwereabusiness.Agreatmanyso-calledsuccessfulmenandwomenbelievethatlifeisabusiness.Ifyoubelieveso,yourfirstquestionoflife,naturally,is"WhatdoIgetoutofit?
""Howmuchisthisworthtome?
"Inaword,basedonthisattitude,happinessbecomesamatterofsuccessfulcompetition.Thegreatmajorityofhumanbeingstodaylookatlifeasifitwereabusiness.
Thethirdattitudetowardlifeisthewayoftheartist.Herethebasicphilosophyis"WhatcanIputintoit?
".Theyvaluecooperationandcontribution.Thispointofviewhasbeenprovedbyhistory;forhistoryremembersbestthosewhohavecontributedmostrichlytotheinterestsoftheirfellow-men.Themoreweinvestigate(调查),themorewebecomecertainthattheartisticattitudeistheonlyonewhichgoeswithhumanhappiness.
1.Fromthepassageweknowpeoplewhotakethesecondlifeattitude________.
A.aremostlybusinessmen
B.thinkofgettingtheinterests(利益)first
C.findtheirhappinessfromhardwork
D.takecompetitionastheirwholelife
2.Peoplewhoarebestrememberedbyhistoryareprobably
A.thoselivingonvegetablesB.successfulmen
C.artistsD.businessmen
3.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat________.
A.somepeoplearelivingonlyonvegetables
B.theartisticattitudeisacceptedbymostpeople
C.thewriterprefersthethirdlifeattitude
D.artistsdomostforthesocietyinordertoberememberedlongerthanothers
【参考答案及解析】
1.B推断题。
第二种人生态度是把生活看作一种生意,当然是利益最重要了。
2.C细节题。
从最后一段第四句可知。
3.C推断题。
从文章的最后一句可推知
【由上海市徐汇区2014诊断卷改编】
阅读理解。
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Itisevidentthatthereisacloseconnectionbetweenthecapacitytouselanguageandthecapacitiescoveredbytheverb“tothink”.Indeed,somewritershaveidentifiedthinkingwithusingwords:
Platocoinedthesaying,“Inthinkingthesoulistalkingtoitself”;J.B.Watsonreducedthinkingtoinhibited(拘谨的)speechlocatedintheminute(微小的)movementsortensionsofthephysiologicalmechanismsinvolvedinspeaking;andalthoughRyleiscarefultopointoutthattherearemanysensesinwhichapersonissaidtothinkandinwhichwordsarenotinevidence,hehasalsosaidthatsayingsomethinginaspecificframeofmindisthinkingathought.
Isthinkingreducibleto,ordependentupon,languagehabits?
Itwouldseemthatmanythinkingsituationsarehardlydistinguishablefromtheskillfuluseoflanguage,althoughtherearesomeothersinwhichlanguageisnotinvolved.Thoughtcannotbesimplyidentifiedwithusinglanguage.Itmaybethecase,ofcourse,thatthenon-linguisticskillsinvolvedinthoughtcanonlybeacquiredanddevelopedifthelearnerisabletouseandunderstandlanguage.However,thisquestionisonewhichwecannothopetoanswerinthisbook.Obviouslybeingabletouselanguagemakesforaconsiderabledevelopmentinallone’scapacitiesbuthowpreciselythiscomesaboutwecannotsay.
Atthecommon-senselevelitappearsthatthereisoftenadistinctionbetweenthoughtandthewordsweemploytocommunicatewithotherpeople.Weoftenhavetostrugglehardtofindwordstocapturewhatourthinkinghasalreadygrasped,andwhenwedofindwordswesometimesfeelthattheyfailtodotheirjobproperly.Againwhenwereportordescribeourthinkingtootherpeoplewedonotmerelyreportunspokenwordsandsentences.Suchsentencesdonotalwaysoccurinthinking,andwhentheydotheyaremergedwithvagueimageryandthehintofunconsciousorsubliminal(潜意识)activitiesgoingonjustoutofrage.Thinking,asithappens,ismorelikestruggling,striving,orsearchingforsomethingthanitisliketalkingorreading.
Againthestudyofspeechdisordersduetobraininjurydiseasesuggeststhatpatientscanthinkwithouthavingadequatecontrolovertheirlanguage.Somepatients,forexample,failtofindthenamesofobjectspresentedtothemandareunabletodescribesimpleeventswhichtheywitness;theyevenfinditdifficulttointerpretlongwrittennotices.Buttheysucceedinplayinggamesofchessordraughts.Theycanusetheconceptsneededforchessplayingordraughtplayingbutareunabletousemanyoftheconceptsinordinarylanguage.Howtheymanagetodothiswedonotknow.Presumablyhumanbeingshavevariouscapacitiesforthinkingsituationswhicharelikewiseindependentoflanguage.
1、Accordingtothetheoryof"thought"devisedbyJ.B.Watson,thinkingis_______.
A.talkingtothesoulB.concealedspeech
C.speakingnonverballyD.anon-linguisticbehavior
2、Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthinki