文学复习题.docx

文学复习题.docx

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文学复习题

AnswerstoChapter5

A.BADAADBBAACABC

B.1psychology2.versedrama,contemporary3.landmark.Lyricalballads4.

romantic,modernist5.reformist6.indignation7.working-class.Absurd8.the

AngryYoungMen9.Little10.psycho-analysis11.nature12.Shakespeare13.

action14.nature15.beauty

C.TTFFTFTTFTTTFTFFFTTF

D.1GeorgeBernardShaw2.JohnGalsworthy3.WilliamButlerYeats4.WilliamButler

Yeats5.WilliamButlerYeats6.WilliamButlerYeats7.T.S.Eliot8.T.S.Eliot9.T.S.Eliot10.T.S.Eliot11.T.S.Eliot12.D.H.Lawrenee13.D.H.Lawrenee

14.D.H.Lawrenee15.JamesJoyce16.JamesJoyce17.JamesJoyce

E.

1.Modernism:

Itisareactionagainstrealism.Itrejectsrationalismwhichisthetheoreticalbaseofrealism;itexcludesfromitsmajorcon-cerntheexternal,objective,materialworld,whichistheon-lycreativesourceofrealism;byadvocatingafreeexperimen-tationonnewformsandnewtechniquesinliterarycreation,itcastsawayalmostallthetraditionalelementsinliteraturesuchasstory,plot,character,chronologicalnarration,etc.,whichareessentialtorealism.Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.

2.StreamofConsciousnessInJoyce'sopinion,theartist,whowantstoreachthehigheststageandtogaintheinsightsnecessaryforthecreationofdramaticart,shouldrisetothepositionofagodlikeobjectivi-ty;heshouldhavethecompleteconsciouscontroloverthecreativeprocessanddepersonalizehisownemotionintheartisticcreation.Heshouldappearasanomniscientauthorandpresentunspokenmaterialsdirectlyfromthepsycheofthecharacters,ormakethecharacterstelltheirowninnerthoughtsinmonologues.Thisliteraryapproachtothepre-sentationofpsychologicalaspectsofcharactersisusuallytermedas"streamofconsciousness.

G.

1.Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillre-lationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.Themodernistwriterscon-centratemoreontheprivatethanonthepublic,moreonthesubjectivethanontheobjective.Theyaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerworldofan

individual.Therefore,theypaymoreattentiontothepsychictimethanthechronologicalone.Intheirwritings,thepast,thepresentandthefuturearemixedtogetherandexistatthesametimeintheconscious-nessofanindividual.

2.The20thcenturyhaswitnessedagreatachievementinEng-ishpoetry.TheearlypoemsofPoundandEliotandYeats'smaturedpoetrymarkedtheriseof"modernpoetry,"whichis,in

away,arevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandformsoftheVictorianpoetry.Themodernistpoetsfightagainsttheromanticfuzzinessandself-indulgedemotionalism,advocatingnewideasinpoetrywritingsuchastousethecommonspeech,tocreatenewrhythmsastheexpressionofanewmood,toallowabsolutefreedominchoosingsubjects,andtousehard,clearandpreciseimagesinpoems.

3.OnefeatureofShaw'scharacterizationisthathedepictsonecharactervividlyattheexpenseofanother.Usuallyhewouldtakeanunconventionalcharacter,apersonofinsightandfreedom,andimpingeituponagroupofconventionalsocialanimals,soastorevealstocknotions,prejudicesanddishon-esties.AnotherfeatureisthatShaw'scharactersaretherep-resentativesofideas,pointsofview,thatshiftandalterdur-ingtheplay,forShawisprimarilyinterestedindoctrines.In-versionisalsoemployedincharacterportrayaltoachievecomiceffects.Bypresentingaconventionalheroasavillain,oraconventionalvillainasahero,Shawintendstogiveashockingimpressiontohisaudieneeandchallengetheconven-tionalwayofthinking.

4.Shaw'splayshaveplots,buttheydonotfunctionbyplots.Theplotisusuallythedisregardedbackbonetoonelong,un-brokenconversation.Itisthevitalityofthetalkthattakesprimacyovermerestory.Actionisreducedtominimum,whilethedialogueandtheinterplayofthemindsofthechar-actersmaintaintheinterestoftheaudienee.Theforwardmo-tionconsistsnotintheunfoldingofplotbutintheoperationofthespiritofdiscourse.

5.TheManofPropertyisthefirstnoveloftheForsytetrilogieswhichtelltheupsanddownsoftheForsytefamilyfrom1886to1926.ThethemeofthisnovelisthatofthepredominantpossessiveinstinetoftheForsytesanditseffectsuponthepersonalrelationshipsofthefamilywiththeunderlyingas-sumptionthathumanrelationshipsofthecontemporaryEng-lishsocietyaremerelyanextensionofpropertyrelationships.

6.YeatsisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestpoetsintheEng-ishliterature.Hehadaverylongpoeticcareer,stretchingfromthe1880stothe1930s,andhadexperieneedaslowpainfulchangeinhispoeticcreation,startingintheromantictraditionandfinishingasamaturedmodernistpoet.General-ly,hispoeticcareercanbedividedintothreeperiodsaccord-ingtothecontentsandstyleofhispoetry.Asayoungmaninthelastdecadesofthe19thcentury,

Yeatsstartedhispoeticcareerintheromantictradition.ThemajorthemesareusuallyCelticlegends,localfolktales,orstoriesoftheheroicageinIrishhistory.Manyofhisearlypoemshaveadreamyqual-ity,expressingmelancholy,passiveandself-indulgentfeel-ings."TheLakeIsleofInnisfree"isjustapopularrepresen-tativeofsuchpoems.Thefirsttwodecadesofthe20thcentu-rywereaperiodoftransitiontoYeats,duringwhichhisatti-tudetowardspolitics,lifeandpoetryexperieneedagreatchange.NowYeatsbegantowritewithrealisticandconcretethemesonavarietyofsubjects,studyingtheprofoundandcomplicatedhumanproblems,suchaslife,love,politics,andreligion.Yeatsreachedthelaststageofhispoeticcreationwhenhewasoverfifty.Hisconcernhasturnedtothegreatsubjectsofdichotomy,suchas,youthandage,loveandwar,vigorandwisdom,bodyandsoul,andlifeandart.Inthislastperiod,Yeatshasdevelopedatough,complexandsym-bolicalstyle.Inhisfamouspoem,"SailingtoByzantium,"Yeatsexplorestheproblemsofdeath,love,oldageandart.

7."TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock"isEliot'smostamaz-ingearlyachievement.Ittellsthemeditationofanagingyoungmanoverthebusinessofproposingmarriage.Thepo-emisinaformofdramaticmonologue,suggestinganironiccontrastbetweenapretended"lovesong"andaconfessionofthespeaker'sincapabilityoffacinguptoloveandtolifeinasterileupper-classworld.Prufrock,theprotagonistofthepoem,isneurotic,self-important,illogicalandincapableofaction.Heisakindoftragicfigurecaughtinsenseofdefeat-edidealismandtorturedbyunsatisfieddesires.Thepoemisintenselyanti-romanticwithvisualimagesofhardobjectsandevasivehellishatmosphere.

8.TheWasteLand,Eliot'smostimportantsinglepoem,hasbeenregardedasaIandmarkandamodelofthe20thcenturyEnglishpoetry,comparabletoWordsworth'sLyricalBal-lads.Withboldtechnicalinnovationsinversificationandstyle,thepoemnotonlypresentsa

panoramaofphysicaldis-orderandspiritualdesolationinthemodernWesternworld,butalsoreflectstheprevalentmoodofdisillusionmentanddespairofawholepost-wargeneration.

Thepoemis433lineslongandisdividedintofivesections,whicharenotlogicallyconstructedorconnected.SectionI,"TheBurialoftheDead,"dealschieflywiththethemeofdeathinlife.SectionII,"AGameofChess,"givesaratherdetailedillustrationofthesterilesituation.SectionIII,"TheFireSermon,"expressesapainfulelegiacfeelingbyjuxta-posingthevulgarityandshallownessofthemodernwiththebeautyandsimplicityofthepast.InsectionIV,"DeathbyWater,"thedrownedPhoenicianSailorisasymboloffutileworriesoverprofitandloss,youthandage.InsectionV,"WhattheThunderSaid,"asthedroughtbreaksandthethunderspeaks,variouselusivesuggestionsofhopesaregiven;butdespitethethunder'sadvice"togive,tosympathize,andtocontrol,"whichprojectsthepossibilityofregenera-tion,theissueisleftuncertainattheend.

TheWasteLandisapoemconcernedwiththespiritualbreakupofamoderncivilizationinwhichhumanlifehaslostitsmeaning,significanceandpurpose.Thepoemhasdevel-opedawholesetofhistorical,culturalandreligiousthemes;butitisoftenregardedasbeingprimarilyareflectionofthe20thcenturypeople'sdisillusionmentandfrustrationinasterileandfutilesociety.

H.

1.

T.S.Eliotisagreatmodernistpoet,animportantversedramatistandagreatprosewriter.Eliothadalongpoeticca-reer,whichwasgenerallydividedintotwoperiods.AsayoungmanwithbitterdisillusionmentandwithboldnessinthehandlingofIanguage,Eliothadexploredinhisearlypo-etryvariousaspectsofdecayofcultureinthemodernWest-ernworld,expressingasenseofthedisintegrationoflife.ThemostimportantworkofthisperiodisTheWasteLand.AsEliot'smostimportantsinglepoem,ithasbeenregardedasaIandmarkandamodelofthe20thcenturyEnglishpoet-ry,comparabletoWordsworth'sLyricalBallads.Withboldinnovationsinversificationandstyle,thepoemnotonlypre-sentsapanoramaofphysicaldisorderandspiritualdesolationinthemodernWesternworld,butalsoreflectstheprevalentmoodofdisillusionmentanddespairofawholepost-wargen-eratio