学年高二英语人教版必修5课时作业Unit 1 Great scientists 2.docx

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学年高二英语人教版必修5课时作业Unit 1 Great scientists 2.docx

学年高二英语人教版必修5课时作业Unit1Greatscientists2

课时作业

(二) SectionⅡ LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

DoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?

Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?

Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowntheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.

CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.

Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?

Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.

Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.ItexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.

Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.

1.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.

A.wasagreatEnglishscientist

B.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult

C.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant

D.didn'tgetonwellwithothers

2.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans________.

A.throwaway    B.storeup

C.puttouseD.realize

3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.

A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworld

B.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings

C.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeed

Ddrawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningaroundus

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.

B.Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.

C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.

D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.

语篇解读:

最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。

1.C 解析:

推理判断题。

短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家,可排除A;由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做,可把B排除;文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情,可排除D。

由第三段中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.”可推出答案C。

2.A 解析:

词义猜测题。

由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。

因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。

由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。

3.D 解析:

主旨大意题。

短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。

4.B 解析:

细节理解题。

短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?

”明确告诉我们,有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。

B

Miseryandsetbacksarenotalwaysasterribleasoneimagines.Hardtimescanoffernewwaysoflookingatlifethatwouldotherwiseneverbeknown.And,ifyouareawriter,thiscanbethesourceofmuchofyoursuccess.

PopularBritishauthor,CharlesDickens'(1812—1870)familycouldhardlymakeendsmeet.Theycouldonlyaffordtosendoneoftheirsixchildrentoschool.

Dickenswasnotthatchild.

Hisparentschosetosendadaughter,whohadatalentformusic,toanacademy.Thenattheageof12,Dickens'lifetookanotherturnfortheworse.

Hisfather,aclerk,wasplacedinprisonforunpaiddebts.And,beingtheoldestmaleleftathome,Dickenstookupworkatafactory.Hishorribleexperiencetherebecamethefuelforhisfuturewriting.

Hisfatherwasfreedthreemonthslaterandinheritedasmallamountofmoney.Dickenswasthensenttoschool.

From1836to1837,hewroteamonthlyseriesofstories.ThusThePickwickPapers,cameintobeing,whichbroughtfametothe23yearoldman.

Throughouthiscareer,Dickenscoversvarioussituationsinhisnovels.HewroteaboutthemiserablelivesofthepoorinOliverTwist,theFrenchRevolutioninTaleofTwoCities,andsocialreforminHardTimes.HealsowroteDavidCopperfield,abookthoughttobebasedonhisownlife.

“Idonotwritebitterlyorangrily,forIknowallthesethingshaveworkedtogethertomakemewhatIam,”heoncesaid.

Hisdifficultchildhooddidshapethepersonhebecame,aswellashiswritingcareer.Thereareshades_ofyoungDickensinmanyofhismostbelovedcharacters,includingDavidCopperfieldandOliverTwist.

Liketheauthor,allthesecharacterscomefrompoorbeginningsandareabletoriseabovetheirsetbacksandachievesuccess.

“Minds,likebodies,willoftenfallintoanillconditionedstatefromtoomuchcomfort,”heoncewrote.

OnJune9th,1870,aged58,Dickensdied,leavingoneunfinishedwork.Thewordsonhistombstoneread:

“Hewasasympathizertothepoor,thesufferingandtheoppressed(受压迫者),andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.”

5.ThebookthatcalledpublicattentiontoDickenswas________.

A.ThePickwickPapers

B.OliverTwist

C.TaleofTwoCities

D.DavidCopperfield

6.Theunderlinedphrase“shadesof”inParagraph10means“________”.

A.variousshapesof

B.situationsof

C.differentexperiencesof

D.remindersof

7.HowdidDickensseehischildhood?

A.Hefeltgratefulforit.

B.Hefeltitapitythatthingsweren'tinhisfavor.

C.Helovedwritingaboutit.

D.Hechosetoforgetthebitternessaboutit.

8.Fromthestory,wecanseeDickens'attitudetowardsaneasylifeis________.

A.toenjoyit

B.tohateit

C.nottoindulgeinit

D.toworkhardforit

语篇解读:

这是一篇记叙文。

本文主要介绍了狄更斯以及他的作品的情况。

5.A 解析:

细节理解题。

文中From1836to1837,hewroteamonthlyseriesofstories.ThusThePickwickPapers,cameintobeing,whichbroughtfametothe23yearoldman.说明让23岁的狄更斯出名的作品是ThePickwickPapers。

6.D 解析:

词义猜测题。

结合上文的Hisdifficultchildhooddidshapethepersonhebecame,aswellashiswritingcareer.可知他的童年对他的影响比较大,同时也影响了他的作品中的人物,因此作品中的人物往往有他自己的影子,故选D。

7.A 解析:

推理判断题。

从文章第一段及引用Dickens的几句话,我们可以推断出Dickens对自己童年经历的态度和看法。

容易误选C。

C项只提供了一个事实,并不能反映态度。

8.C 解析:

观点态度题。

文中“Minds,likebodies,willoftenfallintoanillconditionedstatefromtoomuchcomfort,”heoncewrote.明显流露出他的观点。

Ⅱ.短文改错

Recently,ourschoolhasheldthemeaningfuldiscussiononwhetheritisreasonableformiddleschoolstudentstohaveclassesonweekends.Someofourclassmatesbelieveweshouldhaveclassesonweekendsbecausewecanmakefullyuseofthefreetimetoreviewthelessonswehadlearnt.Someothersareagainsttheopinion,sayingwehadbettertohaveagoodrestonweekendssothatwecanworkeffectiveduringtheweekdays.Therestagreewithneitheroftheopinion.Theyhavetheviewwhichkeepingthebalancebetweenworkandplayarebothimportantforus.Theysuggestonedayoftheweekendshouldusedtolearnourlessonsandduringtheotherdaywedosomethinginterestedorhavearest.

答案:

Recently,ourschoolhasheld

meaningfuldiscussiononwhetheritisreasonableformiddleschoolstudentstohaveclassesonweekends.Someofourclassmatesbelieveweshouldhaveclassesonweekendsbecausewecanmake

useofthefreetimetoreviewthelessonswe

learnt.Someothersareagainsttheopinion,sayingwehadbetter

haveagoodrestonweekendssothatwecanwork

duringtheweekdays.Therestagreewithneitherofthe

.Theyhavetheview

keepingthebalancebetweenworkandplay

bothimportantforus.Theysuggestonedayoftheweekendshould

usedtolearnourlessonsandduringtheotherdaywedosomething

orhavearest.

Ⅲ.语法填空

WhenyoutakeawalkinanyofthecitiesintheWest,youoftenseealotofpeople1.________(walk)withdogs.Itisstilltruethatthedogisthemostusefulandfaithfulanimalintheworld.Butthereasonswhypeoplekeepadog2.________(change).Intheolddays,peopleusedtotraindogstoprotectthemselvesagainsttheattacks3.________otherbeasts.Andlatertheycame4.________(realize)thatthedogwasnotonlyusefulbutalsowilling5.________(obey)itsmaster.Forexample,whenpeopleuseddogsforhunting,thedogswouldnoteatwhattheycaughtwithout6.________(permit).Butnowpeopleinthecityneednotprotectthemselvesagainstattacksofanimals.Whydotheykeepdogs,then?

Somepeoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselvesfromrobbery,butthe7.________importantreasonisforcompanionship.Forachild,8.________dogishisbestfriendwhenhehasnofriendstoplaywith;forayoungcouple,adogis9.________(they)childwhentheyhavenochildren;foroldcouples,adogisalsotheirchildwhentheirrealchildrenhavegrownup.Sothemainreasonwhypeople10.________dogshaschangedfromprotectiontofriendship.

语篇解读:

本文主要介绍了人类养狗的原因的变化。

1.walking 解析:

考查非谓语动词的用法。

此处构成seesb.doingsth.结构,表示“看到某人正在做某事”。

2.havechanged 解析:

考查动词的时态。

人们养狗的原因已经变了,此处用现在完成时表示结果。

3.by/from/of 解析:

考查介词的用法。

过去,人们常常训练狗,以保护他们自己免受其他野兽的袭击。

4.torealize 解析:

考查非谓语动词的用法。

意为“后来他们逐渐认识到……”。

5.toobey 解析:

考查非谓语动词的用法。

主语+be+adj.+todosth.为固定句型。

6.permission 解析:

考查名词的用法。

此处作介词without的宾语,应用名词形式。

7.most 解析:

考查形容词的最高级形式。

此处讲述养狗的原因,其中最重要的原因是狗可以陪伴主人。

8.a 解析:

考查不定冠词的用法。

此处用不定冠词表示泛指,意为“对于孩子来说,当他没有朋友一起玩时狗是他最好的朋友”。

9.their 解析:

考查代词的用法。

此处名词前缺少限定词,由前面的“ayoungcouple”可知此处应用their。

10.keep 解析:

考查动词的用法。

本文主要说明人们养狗的原因的变化,因此用keep,由上文中的“keepadog”“keepdogs”也可得出答案。

Ⅳ.语篇翻译

如今,科学家们提出(putforward)人们应更多注意水污染(pollute)问题。

然而,在过去人们不会把疾病和水污染联系(link...to)在一起。

1854年,伦敦发生了严重霍乱。

很多医生怀疑(suspect)被污染的水是罪魁祸首(blame)。

通过分析(analyse)这些事实,约翰·斯诺证明脏水导致严重的(severe)疾病。

因此政府指令(instruct)人们饮用干净的水。

通过历史,我们可以得出结论(drawaconclusion):

一个良好的、无污染的环境对人们的健康和生活的改善是很重要的。

答案:

Nowadaysscientistsputforwardthatpeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontopollutedwater.Howeverinthepastpeopledidn'tlinkillnesstoit.In1854inLondon,aseriouscholerabrokeout.Manydoctorssuspectedthat

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