精品解析黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学学年度高三上学期第二次验收考试英语试题解析版.docx

精品解析黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学学年度高三上学期第二次验收考试英语试题解析版.docx

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精品解析黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学学年度高三上学期第二次验收考试英语试题解析版

哈三中2021—2022学年度高三学年

第二次验收考试英语试卷

第一部分：

阅读理解

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

TheBestBooksof2020

OnMonday,theAmericanLibraryAssociationannouncedthetopchildren'sbooksof2020.Herearethewinners.

Devotion

AuthorClareVanderpooltookhometheJohnNewberyMedalforoutstandingcontributiontochildren'sliteratureforMoonoverManifest.Thebookisaboutayounggirl'smagicaladventuresinasmallKansastown,in1936.

Vanderpoolsaidthatshewasshockedtolearnthatshehadwon.“YougrowupreadinglegendaryauthorslikeMadeleineL'Engle,butIneverexpectedtobeputinacategorywithher,”VanderpooltoldTFK.“It'sfabulous.”

PictureThis

ThepicturebookASickDayforAmosMcGeewontheRandolphCaldecottMedal.ThebookwasillustratedbyErinE.Steadandwrittenbyherhusband,PhilipC.Stead.Ittellsthestoryofanelderlyzookeeperandtheanimalsthatvisithimwhenhe'snotwellenoughtogotowork.

“IlovedrawinganimalsandIlovedrawingpeopleandIlovedrawingtheemotionalconnectionbetweenanimalsandpeople,”saidStead.

MoreHonoredBooks

TheCorettaScottKingaward,giventoanAfrican-Americanauthorandillustratorof“outstandingbooksforchildrenandyoungadults,wenttoRitaWilliams-GarciaforOneCrazySummer.Setin1968,thenovelfollowsthreesistersfromBrooklyn,NewYork,whovisittheirmother,apoetwhoranawayyearsagoandlivesinCalifornia.

Thekingprizeforbest-illustratedworkwenttoDavethePotter.Artist,Poet,Slave.Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyLabanCarrickHillandillustratedbyBryanCollier,tellsthestoryofaskilledpotterwhoengravedhispoemsontheclaypotsandjarsthathemade.Theenslavedpotter,knownonlyasDave,livedinSouthCarolinainthe1800s.

1.HowdidVanderpoolfeelwhensheheardthenewsthatshewonthemedal?

A.Astonished.B.Disappointed.

C.Embarrassed.D.Depressed.

2.OneCrazySummerisa________.

A.collectionofpoemsB.comicbook

C.fictionD.picturebook

3.WhoillustratedthebookDavethePotter.Artist,Poet,Slave?

A.BryanCollier.B.ErinE.Stead.

C.LabanCarrickHill.D.MadeleineL'Engle.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.ThebookMoonoverManifesttellsastoryofazookeeperandhisanimals.

B.ASickDayforAmosMcGeeshowsusthatanimalscaninteractwithhumans.

C.ThebookASickDayforAmosMcGeeiswrittenbyErin,afamouswomanwriter.

D.OneCrazySummerisaboutamotherwithherthreechildrenhavingaholidayinCalifornia.

【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。

短文介绍了美国2020年最畅销的儿童图书。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。

根据Devotion中的“Vanderpoolsaidthatshewasshockedtolearnthatshehadwon.”（范德普尔说，得知自己获奖时她很震惊。

）由此可知，当范德普尔听到她获得奖牌的消息时，她很吃惊。

故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。

根据MoreHonoredBooks中的“Setin1968,thenovelfollowsthreesistersfromBrooklyn,NewYork,whovisittheirmother,apoetwhoranawayyearsagoandlivesinCalifornia.”（小说背景设置在1968年，讲述了来自纽约布鲁克林的三姐妹去看望她们的母亲的故事。

母亲是一位诗人，多年前离家出走，现居加州。

）由此可知，《一个疯狂的夏天》是一本小说。

故选C项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。

根据MoreHonoredBooks中的“Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyLabanCarrickHillandillustratedbyBryanCollie”（这本书由拉班·卡里克·希尔撰写，布莱恩·科利绘制插画）由此可知，布莱恩·科利为DavethePotter.Artist,Poet,Slave绘制的插图。

故选A项。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。

根据PictureThis中的“Ittellsthestoryofanelderlyzookeeperandtheanimalsthatvisithimwhenhe'snotwellenoughtogotowork.”（它讲述了一个年老的动物园管理员和动物的故事，当他身体不好不能去上班时，它们会去看望他。

）由此可知，ASickDayforAmosMcGee向我们展示了动物可以与人类互动。

故选B项。

B

Readingmindsmaynotbesimple,butitmightbepossibleactually.Whatifabrainscancouldrevealyourmemories?

AteamofBritishscientistsrecentlyjustdidthat—theyusedbrainscanstolookatspatial（空间的）memoryinfourpeople.Spatialmemoryisthekindofmemoryyouusetorememberwhereyouare.Youusespatialmemorytorememberhowtogetfromyourhousetoschool.Peoplebuildspatialmemoryastheyexploreanewcityoranewbuildingandtakeininformationabouttheirsurroundings.

Thescientistsaskedeachparticipanttositdownatacomputerandwanderthrough3Drooms.Thesevirtualroomscontainedimagesofobjects,likeclocksanddoors,sothatthepeoplecouldknowwheretheywere.Eachpersonwasencouragedtoexplorethevirtualspace.

Asthepeoplebecamefamiliarwiththeserooms,theirbrainsweretakingnotesofwherethingswere,andhowtogetfromonepointtoanother.Afterobservingtheserooms,theparticipantswereinstructedtogotoaspecificlocationwithintherooms.Atthispoint,thescientiststookpicturesofthepeople'sbrainsusinganinstrumentcalledFMRI（核磁共振成像）.

Asparticipantsstaredatthefloor,thescientiststookFMRIscanstomeasurebrainactivity.Theyrepeatedthisprocessmanytimes.Afterafewrepetitions,thescientistsrecognizedthepatternsintheparticipants'brains.Bylookingatpatternsonthebrainscans,thescientistswereabletoreadthespatialmemoryofthetestsubjects.

ThisexperimentshowsthatitispossibletouseFMRItogathersomekindsofmemoriesfrompeople.However,yoursecretthoughtsandpersonalmemoriesaresafe—fornow.“Itisnotthecasethatwecanputsomeoneinabrainscannerandsimplyreadhisprivatethoughts,”saidoneofthescientistswhoworkedontheproject.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutspatialmemoryfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Itcontributestoexploringanewsubject.

B.Itletsyourememberwhathasbeendone.

C.Ithelpsyoumemorizeplaceswhereyouare.

D.Ittakesininformationaboutnewknowledge.

6.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderofthestudy?

a.ThescientiststookphotosofthebrainswiththeFMRI.

b.Thescientistsreadthespatialmemoryoftheparticipants.

c.Theparticipantswereaskedtoexplorevirtualrooms.

d.Thescientistsrepeatedtheprocessafewtimes.

A.a,b,c,dB.c,a,d,b

C.b,c,d,aD.c,d,a,b

7.Whyareoursecretmindandprivatememoriessafe?

A.BecauseFMRIscan’tgatheranymemoryfrompeople.

B.Becausescientistscan'tunderstandallpicturestakenbyFMRIs.

C.BecauseFMRIscan'tbecompletelyreliablenow.

D.Becausescientistscan'treadpeople'sthoughtsdirectly.

8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.SpatialmemoryandFMRIs.

B.Averyimportantresearch.

C.Howscientistscanreadpeople'smemories.

D.Anewkindofcamera—FMRIs.

【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了科学家们正在进行一个试验，该实验利用FMRI来了解人们大脑里的空间记忆的内容。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第一段的“Spatialmemoryisthekindofmemoryyouusetorememberwhereyouare.”（空间记忆是一种用来记住你所处位置的记忆）可知，空间记忆可以帮助你记住你所处的位置。

故选C。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。

根据第二段的“Eachpersonwasencouragedtoexplorethevirtualspace.”可知，首先让参与者探索虚拟空间；根据第三段的“Atthispoint,thescientiststookpicturesofthepeople'sbrainsusinganinstrumentcalledFMRI”可知，接着科学家们对他们的大脑进行了功能磁共振成像扫描；根据第四段的“Theyrepeatedthisprocessmanytimes.”可知，然后科学家把这个过程重复了很多次。

根据第四段的“Bylookingatpatternsonthebrainscans,thescientistswereabletoreadthespatialmemoryofthetestsubjects.”可知，最后科学家们阅读了参与者的空间记忆。

故选B。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。

根据最后一段的“‘Itisnotthecasethatwecanputsomeoneinabrainscannerandsimplyreadhisprivatethoughts,’saidoneofthescientistswhoworkedontheproject.”（参与该项目的一位科学家说:

“我们不能对一个人进行脑部扫描，然后简单地读取他的私人想法。

”）可知，因为科学家不能直接读懂人的想法。

故选D。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段“AteamofBritishscientistsrecentlyjustdidthat—theyusedbrainscanstolookatspatial（空间的）memoryinfourpeople.”（一组英国科学家最近刚刚做,他们使用脑部扫描看4人的空间记忆。

）以及第四段“Atthispoint,thescientiststookpicturesofthepeople'sbrainsusinganinstrumentcalledFMRI（核磁共振成像）.”（在这一点上,科学家们用一种叫做功能磁共振成像的仪器拍摄了这些人的大脑。

）文章主要介绍了科学家们正在进行一个试验，该实验利用FMRI来了解人们大脑里的空间记忆的内容。

故选A。

C

Grasslandsneedtimetorestwhencattleandotheranimalsfeedonthem.Movinganimalsfromoneareaofpasture（牧场）toanothercanprovidethetimeneededfornewgrowth.Thisiscalledrotationalgrazing（循环放牧）.

Rotationalgrazingisgoodforthelandandtheanimals,anditcansavemoney.Thisformofgrazingcanreducetheneedforpesticide（农药）treatmentsbyreducingthegrowthofweeds.Anditcanlimittheneedforchemicalfertilizersbylettingnaturalfertilizer,animaldroppings,dothejob.Rotationalgrazingcanevenhelppreventwildfiresbykeepinggrasslandsingoodcondition.

Lettinganimalsfeedcontinuallyandintensively（集中地）inthesamegrazingareascanrequirecostlyreplanting.Animalseatthemostappropriategrowthfirst.Whenthatkeepshappening,therootsdonothaveenoughtimetorecover.Asaresult,lessdesirableplantsmayreplacethem.

Intensivelyusedgrasslandsarealsoharmedasthesoiliscontinuallycrushedundertheweightofheavyanimals.Andtheanimalsusuallyavoidtheirownwaste,sothatreducestheamountofgoodgrazingspaceevenmore.

Whilerotationalgrazingcansavemoneyovertime,italsorequiresplanning.Andthatstartswithagoodmaptomarkfences,watersuppliesandgrazingareas.

Changingmethodsofgrazingalsorequirestime.Farmersmaywanttoputupelectricfencestoenclosegrazingareas,calledpaddocks.Thepaddockswillneedwater.Somefarmersdesignapathforanimalsfromdifferentpaddockstodrinkfromacommonwateringplace.Farmerscanstartrotationalgrazingbyremovinganimalsfromapasturewhenthegrassiseatentolessthanfivecentimeters.Thepastureisthenkeptemptyuntilthegrassgrowstomorethanfifteencentimetershigh.

Sheepandgoatsmayrequirespecialpreparations.Theymayneedstrongerfencesthanotheranimals.Andwhiletheyeatthegrass,theymayneedguardanimalslikecamelstoprotectthemfromanimalsthatwouldliketoeatthem.

9.Ifyouwanttocarryoutrotationalgrazing,youmustdomanythingsEXCEPT______.

A.reducingtheamountoftheanimals

B.makingaplanabouttheelectricityandwatersupply

C.buildingfences

D.makin