初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx
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初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案
unit1-3语法-不定式todo
1.不定式的基本形式与结构
动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如towrite)所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。
没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法
1)不定式结构作主语
getcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.
finishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.
在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。
如:
madehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.
admittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.
不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达:
如:
isquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview.
2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.
在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:
isverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.
isstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.
2)不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种:
一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:
只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:
afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。
managedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.
strangerofferedtoshowmetheway.
.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.
动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:
这类动词常见的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有:
what,when,where,which,how,whether等。
doesnotknowwhentostart.
candecidewhethertocontinueortostop.
willshowyouhowtodealwithit.
有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达:
动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。
considersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
finditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.
3)不定式做表语
一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语是不定式(表示结果):
seeistobelieve.
workmeanstoearnaliving.
另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:
;例如:
aimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture.
mostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice.
Iwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.
4)不定式作定语
不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:
第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
例如:
wasreallynothingtofear.
gavemeaninterestingbooktoread.
如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。
例如:
needsafriendtoplaywith.
girlhasnothingtoworryabout.
haveastrictteachertolistento.
thefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.
第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:
yougotakeytounlockthedoor?
actiontobetakeniscorrect.
isnothingtobegainedbypretending.
第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:
ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。
例如:
daughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.
havenowishtoquarrelwithyou.
ofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.
5)不定式作状语
不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语:
arequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.
arequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.
wasluckytoarrivebeforedark.
wasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark.
作目的状语:
raisedhervoicetobehearedbetter.
raisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter.
wentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam.
wentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam.
作结果状语:
FrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians.
FrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians.
gottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.
gottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone.
不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:
1)在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。
例如:
oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard.
musthavehimseehisownmistakes.
但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。
例如:
wasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard.
hehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions.
3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。
例如:
theoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.
4)在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。
例如:
youfeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight.
couldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.
5)在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,1etfall,1etfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。
例如:
letgooftherope.他们松开了绳子。
letflyatorrentofabuseatme.约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
'veheardtellofhim.我听说过他。
ofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents.由于生源不足,一些教职员工被解雇了。
6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。
例如:
willdoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.
wasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender.
spywasbothhungryandcold;therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein.
hadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.
下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to:
cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebut,cannotbut,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut。
例如:
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
如果上述句中有do,to省略:
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.
如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to:
Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.
7)紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。
但是,紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
例如:
Whystandupifyoucansitdown?
Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'tunderstandthemeaning?
Youneedn'tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience.
4.不定式的否定形式
否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。
例如:
decidednottoaskhimagain.
remembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout.
动词不定式练习
一.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。
1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayanything.
Hewastooangry_____________anything.
2.Idon’tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.
Idon’tknowwhen______________themeeting.
3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.
Hesaidhewouldhavealetter_____________.
4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
Itisveryimportant_____you____________Englishinthemorning.
5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.(石头)
Hewasstrong________________thestone.
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.
HisfatherwenttoBeijing______________hisholiday.
7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.
Theygotupearly________________________thereintime.
8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.
Hisbrotherdecided____________thebook.
9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.
Hehopes____________theGreatWall.
sawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseen___________intotheroom.
madehimworkfivehoursaday.
Hewasmade___________fivehoursaday.
youwanttosayanythingforyourself?
Doyouhaveanything__________foryourself?
don’tknowwhatweshalldonext.
Wedon’tknowwhat___________next.
’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.
I’mverysorry____________thebadnews.
stoppedandhadalookatme.
Hestopped___________alookatme.
helpedhimwithhisEnglish.
Ihelpedhim___________English.
fatherpromised(许诺)thathewouldbuymeabike.
Myfatherpromised__________meabike.
boxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavy______me______________.
19.“Liedown!
”theboysaidtohisdog.
Theboyorderedhisdog____________down.
20.“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.
Shetoldme_____________________anynoise.
二.单选:
1.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.
A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.
A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake
3.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
4.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyinthethisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
6.Youweresillynot_______yourcar.
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
7.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
9.I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwithsomeoneelse.
A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing
10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.
A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed
11.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.
A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed
12.Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.
A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplace
C.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace
13.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.
A.andfinished B.tofinish C.andfinishing D.tofinished
14.Iamsorry______writtenyoualetteratthetime.