初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx

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初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx

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初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx

初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案

unit1-3语法-不定式todo

1.不定式的基本形式与结构

动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如towrite)所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。

所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。

没有不定式形式。

动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

2.不定式的用法

1)不定式结构作主语

getcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.

finishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.

在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。

如:

madehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.

admittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.

不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达:

如:

isquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview.

2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.

在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:

isverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.

isstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.

2)不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语有两种:

一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。

及物动词+带to的不定式结构:

只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:

afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。

managedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.

strangerofferedtoshowmetheway.

.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.

动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:

这类动词常见的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。

常见的疑问代(副)词有:

what,when,where,which,how,whether等。

doesnotknowwhentostart.

candecidewhethertocontinueortostop.

willshowyouhowtodealwithit.

有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。

这可以用这一结构表达:

动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。

considersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.

finditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.

3)不定式做表语

一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语是不定式(表示结果):

seeistobelieve.

workmeanstoearnaliving.

另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:

;例如:

aimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture.

mostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice.

Iwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.

4)不定式作定语

不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:

第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。

例如:

wasreallynothingtofear.

gavemeaninterestingbooktoread.

如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。

例如:

needsafriendtoplaywith.

girlhasnothingtoworryabout.

haveastrictteachertolistento.

thefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.

第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:

yougotakeytounlockthedoor?

actiontobetakeniscorrect.

isnothingtobegainedbypretending.

第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。

这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:

ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。

例如:

daughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.

havenowishtoquarrelwithyou.

ofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.

5)不定式作状语

不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。

例如作原因状语:

arequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.

arequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.

wasluckytoarrivebeforedark.

wasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark.

作目的状语:

raisedhervoicetobehearedbetter.

raisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter.

wentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam.

wentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam.

作结果状语:

FrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians.

FrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians.

gottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.

gottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone.

不带to的不定式的使用

动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。

归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:

1)在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。

2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。

例如:

oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard.

musthavehimseehisownmistakes.

但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。

例如:

wasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard.

hehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions.

3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。

例如:

theoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.

4)在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。

例如:

youfeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight.

couldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.

5)在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,1etfall,1etfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。

例如:

letgooftherope.他们松开了绳子。

letflyatorrentofabuseatme.约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。

'veheardtellofhim.我听说过他。

ofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents.由于生源不足,一些教职员工被解雇了。

6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。

例如:

willdoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.

wasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender.

spywasbothhungryandcold;therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein.

hadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.

下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to:

cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebut,cannotbut,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut。

例如:

Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.

如果上述句中有do,to省略:

IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.

如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to:

Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.

7)紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。

但是,紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。

例如:

Whystandupifyoucansitdown?

Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'tunderstandthemeaning?

Youneedn'tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience.

4.不定式的否定形式

否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。

例如:

decidednottoaskhimagain.

remembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout.

动词不定式练习

一.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。

   1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayanything.

      Hewastooangry_____________anything.

   2.Idon’tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.

     Idon’tknowwhen______________themeeting.

   3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.

      Hesaidhewouldhavealetter_____________.

   4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.

      Itisveryimportant_____you____________Englishinthemorning.

   5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.(石头)

      Hewasstrong________________thestone.

   6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.

      HisfatherwenttoBeijing______________hisholiday.

   7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.

     Theygotupearly________________________thereintime.

   8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.

     Hisbrotherdecided____________thebook.

   9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.

     Hehopes____________theGreatWall.

   sawhimgointotheroom.

      Hewasseen___________intotheroom.

   madehimworkfivehoursaday.

      Hewasmade___________fivehoursaday.

   youwanttosayanythingforyourself?

      Doyouhaveanything__________foryourself?

   don’tknowwhatweshalldonext.

      Wedon’tknowwhat___________next.

   ’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.

      I’mverysorry____________thebadnews.

   stoppedandhadalookatme.

      Hestopped___________alookatme.

   helpedhimwithhisEnglish.

      Ihelpedhim___________English.

   fatherpromised(许诺)thathewouldbuymeabike.

      Myfatherpromised__________meabike.

   boxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.

      Theboxistooheavy______me______________.

   19.“Liedown!

”theboysaidtohisdog.

      Theboyorderedhisdog____________down.

   20.“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.

      Shetoldme_____________________anynoise.

二.单选:

1.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.

A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced

2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.

A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake

3.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.

A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear

C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard

4.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyinthethisSeptember.

A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard

5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.

A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

6.Youweresillynot_______yourcar.

A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked

7.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.

A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake

8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.

A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued

9.I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwithsomeoneelse.

A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing

10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.

A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed

11.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.

A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyed

C.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed

12.Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.

A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplace

C.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace

13.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.

A.andfinished  B.tofinish    C.andfinishing  D.tofinished

14.Iamsorry______writtenyoualetteratthetime.

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