1、初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案unit 1-3语法-不定式 to do1不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形 (如to write) 所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语 get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago finish
2、that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。如: made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time不定式结构所
3、表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达:如: is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2. It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind, naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻
4、辑主语: is very kind of you to tell me the truth is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式, 另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有: afford, agree, aim, appear, ask, believe, care,claim,decide demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hesitate, h
5、ope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, swear, undertake,want, wish等。 managed to solve the complicated problem. stranger offered to show me the way. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:这类动词常见的有advise, decide, find out, forget,
6、 inquire, know, learn, see, regard初中英语语法总结, remember, teach, tell, understand, wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what, when, where, which, how, whether等。 does not know when to start. can decide whether to continue or to stop. will show you how to deal with it.有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find, think,co
7、nsider,feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。 considers it necessary to make friends with him. find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语是不定式(表示结果): see is to believe. work means to earn a living另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope, idea,job, plan,problem, purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,
8、或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:;例如: aim is to study abroad in the near future most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如: was really nothing to fear gave me an interesting
9、book to read如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。例如: needs a friend to play with girl has nothing to worry about have a strict teacher to listen to the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如: you got a key to unlock the door? action to be taken is
10、correct is nothing to be gained by pretending第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:ability, attempt, effort, impulse, inclination,wish等。例如: daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her have no wishto quarrel withyou of them had any inclination to do business with Ma
11、ry.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语: are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area was lucky to arrive before dark was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的状语: raised her voice to be he
12、ared better raised her voice so that she could heard better went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作结果状语: French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians French football team played so successfully that they even d
13、efeated the Brazilians got to the station only to be told the train had gone got to the station and was told that the train had gone不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:1) 在cancould, /maymight,willwould,shallshould,must, need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see初
14、中英语语法总结,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。例如: often heard him say that he would study hard must have him see his own mistakes但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。例如: was often heard to say that he would study hard he had finished speaking,he was made t
15、o answer innumerable questions3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如: the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.4) 在had better,would rather,maymight as well,rather than,can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。例如: you feel to ill to go out,I would rather not stay at home tonight could not but criticize his fool
16、ish behaviour.5) 在make do,make believe,let drop,1et fall,1et fly,let slip,let drive,let go off,hear say,hear tell,leave go of等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如: let go of the rope他们松开了绳子。 let fly a torrent of abuse at me约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。ve heard tell of him我听说过他。 of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不
17、足,一些教职员工被解雇了。6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“不得不,只能”。例如: will do anything except work on the farm was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender spy was both hungry and cold;there was nothing left for him but to give in had no choice but to wait till it s
18、topped raining下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to:can not help but,can not choose but,can not but,do nothing but,have nothing to do but。例如:I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有do,to省略:I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to:I have no choice but to give up my idea.7)紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是,紧跟在w
19、ho,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如:Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning?You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。例如: decided not to ask him again remember not to leave the lights on when you are out
20、动词不定式练习一. 根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That you read English in th
21、e morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. (石头) He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could
22、 get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. made him work five hou
23、rs a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? dont know what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. m very sorry on hearing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a
24、look at me. helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. father promised (许诺)that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20.“Don
25、t make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise.二. 单选:1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A
26、.not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music .A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the this September.A .to be heard. B.
27、 to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make
28、 B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A
29、. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire.A. being destroyed B. having been destroy
30、ed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take place B. to be taken placeC. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.
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