精读3第5单元重要知识点.docx
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精读3第5单元重要知识点
Unit5
LanguagePoints
1.take...forgranted---regardsthastrueorascertaintohappen认为...是真的;
认为...是理所当然的;认为...没问题
eg:
Wetookhisco-operationforgranted.
Paraphrasethefollowing,usingthissentencepattern:
1）Don'tthinkhewillcertainlyhelpyou.
（Don'ttakehishelpforgranted.）
2）Hethinksthateverythingistrue.
（Hetakeseverythingforgranted.）
3）Iwantmyselfnottothinkthateverythingistrue.
（Iwantmyselfnottotakeeverythingforgranted.）
4）Mymotherthoughthewouldcertainlycome.
（Mymothertookhiscomingforgranted.）
takeitforgrantedthat...认为...是理所当然的事
eg:
Shetookitforgrantedthathewouldfeelashamedofhiswrongdoings.
Paraphrasethefollowing:
1）Ithoughtshewouldcertainlystaywithus.
（Itookitforgrantedthatshewouldstaywithus.）
2）Wefeltsurethathewouldstudyhard.
（Wetookitforgrantedthathewouldstudyhard.）
3）Ithinkitisnaturalforstudentstohelponeanother.
（Itakeitforgrantedthatstudentshelponeanother.）
4）Wethinkparentsshouldgivetheirchildrenenoughmoneytospend.
（Wetakeitforgrantedthatparentswillgivetheirchildrenenoughmoneyto
spend.）
2.grant
①grant（vt.）
a）consenttogiveorallow（whatisaskedfor）允许给予,同意给予,答应（请求等）
grantsb.sth./grantsthtosb.
eg:
Thegeneralgranteduspermissiontovisitthemilitarybase.
Thegovernmentwillgrantlandtoanybodywhoiswillingtofarmit.
Paraphrase
1）Thefirmagreedtogivehimapension.
（Thefirmgrantedhimapension.）
2）ThePremieragreedtointerviewhim.
（ThePremiergrantedhimaninterview.）
3）Theheadmastergaveusanextraholiday.
（Theheadmastergrantedusanextraholiday.）
b）agree（thatsth.istrue）承认（某事是真的）
grantsth.
eg:
Hegrantedthetruthofwhathesaid.
Igrantedhishonesty.
Hegrantedthatpoint.
grantthat...
eg:
Igranted（that）whatyousaidiscorrect.
Hegranted（that）hedidn'tlikeEnglish.
Changethefollowingsimplesentencesintocomplexones:
1）Igranthishonesty.
（Igrantthatheishonest.）
2）Hegrantedthetruthofthematter.
（Hegrantedthatthematterwastrue.）
3）Shegrantedherwrongdoings.
（Shegrantedthatwhatshedidwaswrong.）
4）Theboygrantedhistheft.
（Theboygrantedthathestolesomething.）
②conj.granted/granting
granted/grantingthat...尽管,即使
=suppose/supposing/provided/providing/onconditionthat...=if/evenif
eg:
Granted/Grantingthatheishonest,hemaymakemistakes.
Granted/Grantingthisistrue,whatconclusioncanyoudraw?
③granted（adv.）（usedtoadmitthetruthofastatementbeforeintroducinga
contraryargument）（用于肯定某事物属实,然后提出相反的论点）
eg:
Granted,it'sasplendidcar,buthaveyouseenhowmuchitcosts!
Granted,heisveryrich,butheismean.
④grant（n.）sth.granted（moneyorlandfromagovernment）
赐与之物（一份给予的土地或一笔津贴）
eg:
Youcangetagranttoimproveyourhouse.
Studentsinthiscountryreceiveagrantfromthegovernment.
3.I'llringyouup.=I'lltelephone/phoneyou.
I'llgiveyouacall.
I'llcallyou（up）.
4.pose
1pose（v.）
a）（derog贬）behaveinanunnaturaloraffectedwayinordertoimpress
people装腔作势
eg:
Stopposingandtelluswhatyoureallythink.
poseas+n./adj.---claimorpretendtobesb./sth.自称/装成是某事物或某人
eg:
Heposesasanexpert.
Don'tposesasamanwhoknowseverything.
Healwaysposesasunusual/uncommon/learned.
b）sitorstandinaparticularpositioninordertobepainted,drawnor
photographed摆好姿势以便画像或拍照
pose（forsb.）
eg:
Theartistaskedhertoposeforhim.
Hehadtoposewearingalaurelwreath.（他得摆好戴着月桂花的姿势）
②pose（n.）
a）.（derog贬）unnaturaloraffectedwayofbehaving,intendtoimpresspeople
eg:
Hisconcernforthepoorisonlyapose.
Ihatetoseehispose.
b）.positioninwhichapersonposesorisposed
（为画像或拍照而摆好的）姿势,姿态
eg:
Pleasepresentaposeforthecamera.
Sheadoptedanelegantpose.
strikeanattitude/apose---holdorputthebodyinacertainwayorusegestures
toemphasizewhatonesaysorfeels;speakorwriteaboutone'sopinion;intentionsorfeelingsinadramaticorartificialway（装腔作势）
eg:
Hestruckapose/anattitudeofdefiancewithatypicallyhard-hittingspeech.
（他以惯用的强硬言辞作出违抗的姿势。
）
Shestruckapose/anattitudetoprotest.
5.pest
①troublesomeorannoyingordestructivethingoranima;nuisance
eg:
Fliesandmicearepests.
Someinsectsarepests.
pestcontrol---destructionofpest（withpoison,trapsetc.）
eg:
Peoplealwaystrytohavepestcontrol.
②（Informal）annoyingpersonorthing
eg:
Thechildisanabsolutepest---hekeepsringingthedoorbellandrunning
away.
6.engage
①engage（v.）
a）obtaintherighttoemployoroccupy雇佣,聘用,租用
eg:
Hewillengageaservant.
Wewillengageayoungmanasaguide/aninterpreter.
Paraphrase
1）Ourcompanyneedstoemployanewsecretary.
2）Shewasemployedasaninterpreter.
3）Theywillhireacamerafortheirouting.
b）takepartin,bebusywith,workat（oftenusedinpassive）
忙于...,从事...,做着...
beengaged（in...）
eg:
Heisengagedinbusiness/writinganovel.
Paraphrase
1）XiaoLiwasbusywritingletterswhenIsawhim.
2）Johnandhisbrotherarebusywithaplan.
3）Heistakingpartinviolentargument.
4）Sheishavingaconversation.
c）causesb.totakepartinorbeoccupiedinsth.使某人参加某人或某事
engaged（sb）insth.
eg:
Iengagedhiminconversation
Ihavenotimetoengageingossip.
d）promiseoragreetomarry（passive）订婚
beengaged（tosb.）
eg:
TomandAnneareengaged.
TomisengagedtoAnne.
Mysisterisengagedtoanarmyman.
e）promise（todosth.）保证（做某事）
engagedoneselftodosth.
eg:
Weengageourselvestofulfilourobligation.
Heengagedhimselftopaybackthemoney.
Iengagemyselftobethereontime.
Paraphrase
1）Hepromisedtocomeandhelpme.
2）Ourteacherpromisedtotellusastory.
3）Thestudentspromisedtostudyharder.
4）Mymotherpromisedtomakemeanewdress.
f）Whentelephoning,someoneisusingtheline（passive）
eg:
Theline/numberisengaged.
g）attract（passive）
eg:
Hisattentionisengaged.
②engagement（n.）
a）.promiseorundertakingesp.onethatisformalormadeinwriting
（约言,契约）
eg:
Heonlyhasenoughmoneytomeethisengagement.
Sheneverbreaksherengagement.
b）.arrangementtogosomewhere,meetsbortodosth.约会
eg:
Ihaveanengagementatfourtoday.
Hecancelledallhisengagements.
Shehasquiteafewengagementsfornextweek.
Ihaveanengagementwiththedoctortomorrow.
c）.agreementtomarry婚约
eg:
Theirengagementwasannouncedinthenewspaper.
Shehasbrokenoffherengagement.
③engaging（adj.）---likelytoattractoroccupytheattention;charming
anengagingsmile/manner/person
7.asphyxiate
①asphyxiate（vt.）makeill,causethedeathof,throughlackofenoughairinthelungs
使窒息,闷死
eg:
Themeninthecoal-minewereasphyxiatedbythebadgas.
Theoldmanwasasphyxiatedwhenswimming.
Theroomwillasphyxiateus.
②n.asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia=suffocation---[u]conditioncausedbylack
ofairinthelungs
eg:
Theminersdiedofasphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia.
③asphyxiation（n.）窒息剂,窒息器
8.flavour/flavor
①flavour/flavor（n.）[c][u]-tasteandsmell,esp.offood味道,滋味
eg:
Addingsalttofoodimprovestheflavour.
Idon'tliketheflavourofonions.
Helikesicecreamwithachocolateflavour.
Thisfoodhasstrongflavour.
②flavour/flavor（vt.）---giveaflavourto调味,加味于...;使有特殊风味
flavoursth.withsth.
eg:
Sheflavouredthecakewithchocolate.
Whatdopeopleflavourchickenwith?
（...ginger,onion,sauce,garlic）
Idon'tlikemeatstronglyflavouredwithpepper.
（sth）flavoursth
eg:
Onionflavoursfish.
Chocolateflavoursicecreamandmilk.
beflavoredwith=befilledwiththesmellof...
eg:
Theroomisflavouredwithstalevegetable.
Thetelephoneboothisflavouredwithsweat.
③flavouring（n.）[c][u]thingaddedtofoodtogiveitflavor调味料
eg:
Theorangedrinkcontainsnoartificialflavourings.
Thesoupneedsmoreflavouring.
9.chill
①chill（v.）---makeorbecomecold使寒冷,变得寒冷
eg:
Don'tchilltheirenthusiasm.
Hewaschilledtothebone.
2chill（n.）
a）unpleasantfeelingofcoldness寒意
eg:
Thereisachillintheair.
Takethechillofthewater.（warmitalittle）
（fig）Thebadnewscastachilloverthepeople.
b）illnesscausedbycoldanddamp
eg:
Hecaughtachill.（caughtacold）
③chilly（adj.）---cold
eg:
Itischillytoday.
10.fidget
①fidget（v.）（causesb.to）movethebodyaboutrestlessly;makenervous
（使）坐立不安
eg:
Whenthebellrings,theboysbegintofidget.
Hurryup,yourfatherisfidgeting.
fidgetaboutwith...
eg:
It'sbadmannerstofidgetaboutwiththecutleryatthetable.
（用餐时摆弄刀叉是不礼貌的）
②fidget（n.）
a）[c]personwhofidgets烦躁不安的人
eg:
You'resuchafidget.
b）thefidget---restlessmovements（坐立不安）
eg:
Ialwaysgetthegiddiestduringlongmeetings.
③fidgety（adj.）---restless
eg:
Heisafidgetychild.
11.tend
1tend（v.）
a）beinclinedtodosth;haveadirection容易做某事;倾向
tendtodosth.
eg:
Peopletendtogetfatwhentheygrowolder.
Itendtoagreewithyou.
Paraphrase
1）Heisinclinedtodrivetoofast.
2）Itiseasyformymothertogettiredintheevening.
3）Youalwaysmakesillymistakesinyourdictation.
4）Healwayspitchestheballtoohigh.
tendto/towardssth.---takeacertaindirection朝某方向
eg:
Hisopiniontendstomine
（fig）Hetendstowardsextremeviews.
b）takecareoforlookafter
eg:
Thenursestendthepatientscarefully.
Theshepherdstendtheirsheep.
②tendency（n.）---turningorinclination;away
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