精读3第5单元重要知识点.docx

1、精读3第5单元重要知识点Unit 5Language Points1. take. for granted - regard sth as true or as certain to happen 认为.是真的; 认为.是理所当然的; 认为.没问题eg: We took his co-operation for granted. Paraphrase the following, using this sentence pattern:1) Dont think he will certainly help you. (Dont take his help for granted.)2) He

2、 thinks that everything is true. (He takes everything for granted.)3) I want myself not to think that everything is true. (I want myself not to take everything for granted.)4) My mother thought he would certainly come. (My mother took his coming for granted.)take it for granted that. 认为.是理所当然的事eg: S

3、he took it for granted that he would feel ashamed of his wrongdoings.Paraphrase the following:1) I thought she would certainly stay with us. (I took it for granted that she would stay with us.)2) We felt sure that he would study hard. (We took it for granted that he would study hard.) 3) I think it

4、is natural for students to help one another. (I take it for granted that students help one another.)4) We think parents should give their children enough money to spend. (We take it for granted that parents will give their children enough money to spend.)2. grant grant (vt.) a) consent to give or al

5、low (what is asked for) 允许给予,同意给予,答应(请求等) grant sb. sth. / grant sth to sb.eg: The general granted us permission to visit the military base. The government will grant land to anybody who is willing to farm it.Paraphrase 1) The firm agreed to give him a pension. (The firm granted him a pension.)2) Th

6、e Premier agreed to interview him. (The Premier granted him an interview.)3) The headmaster gave us an extra holiday. (The headmaster granted us an extra holiday.)b) agree (that sth. is true) 承认(某事是真的) grant sth.eg: He granted the truth of what he said. I granted his honesty. He granted that point.

7、grant that.eg: I granted (that) what you said is correct. He granted (that) he didnt like English.Change the following simple sentences into complex ones:1) I grant his honesty. (I grant that he is honest.)2) He granted the truth of the matter. (He granted that the matter was true.)3) She granted he

8、r wrongdoings. (She granted that what she did was wrong.)4) The boy granted his theft. (The boy granted that he stole something.) conj. granted / granting granted / granting that. 尽管, 即使 = suppose/supposing/provided/providing/on condition that. = if/even ifeg: Granted/Granting that he is honest, he

9、may make mistakes. Granted/Granting this is true, what conclusion can you draw? granted (adv.) (used to admit the truth of a statement before introducing a contrary argument) (用于肯定某事物属实,然后提出相反的论点)eg: Granted, its a splendid car, but have you seen how much it costs! Granted, he is very rich, but he i

10、s mean.grant (n.) sth. granted (money or land from a government) 赐与之物(一份给予的土地或一笔津贴)eg: You can get a grant to improve your house. Students in this country receive a grant from the government.3. Ill ring you up. = Ill telephone/phone you. Ill give you a call. Ill call you (up).4. pose1 pose (v.)a) (d

11、erog 贬) behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 装腔作势eg: Stop posing and tell us what you really think. pose as + n./adj.-claim or pretend to be sb./sth. 自称/装成是某事物或某人eg: He poses as an expert. Dont poses as a man who knows everything. He always poses as unusual/uncommon/lear

12、ned. b) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed 摆好姿势以便画像或拍照 pose (for sb.)eg: The artist asked her to pose for him. He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath. (他得摆好戴着月桂花的姿势) pose (n.)a) . (derog 贬) unnatural or affected way of behaving, intend to impress peop

13、leeg: His concern for the poor is only a pose. I hate to see his pose.b). position in which a person poses or is posed (为画像或拍照而摆好的)姿势,姿态 eg: Please present a pose for the camera. She adopted an elegant pose.strike an attitude/a pose - hold or put the body in a certain way or use gesturesto emphasize

14、 what one says or feels; speak or write about ones opinion; intentionsor feelings in a dramatic or artificial way (装腔作势)eg: He struck a pose/an attitude of defiance with a typically hard-hitting speech. （他以惯用的强硬言辞作出违抗的姿势。） She struck a pose/an attitude to protest.5. pest troublesome or annoying or d

15、estructive thing or anima; nuisanceeg: Flies and mice are pests.Some insects are pests.pest control - destruction of pest (with poison, traps etc.) eg: People always try to have pest control. (Informal) annoying person or thing eg: The child is an absolute pest - he keeps ringing the doorbell and ru

16、nning away. 6. engage engage (v.) a) obtain the right to employ or occupy 雇佣,聘用,租用 eg: He will engage a servant. We will engage a young man as a guide/an interpreter. Paraphrase 1) Our company needs to employ a new secretary. 2) She was employed as an interpreter. 3) They will hire a camera for thei

17、r outing.b) take part in, be busy with, work at (often used in passive) 忙于.,从事., 做着. be engaged (in.) eg: He is engaged in business/writing a novel. Paraphrase 1) Xiao Li was busy writing letters when I saw him. 2) John and his brother are busy with a plan. 3) He is taking part in violent argument.

18、4) She is having a conversation.c) cause sb. to take part in or be occupied in sth. 使某人参加某人或某事 engaged (sb) in sth.eg: I engaged him in conversation I have no time to engage in gossip.d) promise or agree to marry (passive) 订婚 be engaged (to sb.) eg: Tom and Anne are engaged. Tom is engaged to Anne.

19、My sister is engaged to an armyman.e) promise (to do sth.) 保证(做某事) engaged oneself to do sth. eg: We engage ourselves to fulfil our obligation. He engaged himself to pay back the money. I engage myself to be there on time. Paraphrase 1) He promised to come and help me. 2) Our teacher promised to tel

20、l us a story. 3) The students promised to study harder. 4) My mother promised to make me a new dress.f) When telephoning, someone is using the line (passive) eg: The line/number is engaged.g) attract (passive) eg: His attention is engaged. engagement (n.) a). promise or undertaking esp. one that is

21、formal or made in writing (约言,契约) eg: He only has enough money to meet his engagement. She never breaks her engagement. b). arrangement to go somewhere, meet sb or to do sth. 约会 eg: I have an engagement at four today. He cancelled all his engagements. She has quite a few engagements for next week. I

22、 have an engagement with the doctor tomorrow. c). agreement to marry 婚约 eg: Their engagement was announced in the newspaper. She has broken off her engagement. engaging(adj.) - likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming an engaging smile/manner/person 7. asphyxiate asphyxiate(vt.) make ill,

23、 cause the death of, through lack of enough air in the lungs 使窒息, 闷死 eg: The men in the coal-mine were asphyxiated by the bad gas. The old man was asphyxiated when swimming.The room will asphyxiate us. n. asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia = suffocation -u condition caused by lack of air in the lungs eg

24、: The miners died of asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia. asphyxiation (n.) 窒息剂, 窒息器8. flavour/flavor flavour/flavor (n.) c u-taste and smell, esp. of food 味道,滋味 eg: Adding salt to food improves the flavour. I dont like the flavour of onions. He likes ice cream with a chocolate flavour. This food has str

25、ong flavour. flavour/flavor (vt.) - give a flavour to 调味, 加味于.; 使有特殊风味flavour sth. with sth. eg: She flavoured the cake with chocolate. What do people flavour chicken with? (. ginger, onion, sauce, garlic ) I dont like meat strongly flavoured with pepper. (sth) flavour sth eg: Onion flavours fish. C

26、hocolate flavours ice cream and milk. be flavored with = be filled with the smell of. eg: The room is flavoured with stale vegetable. The telephone booth is flavoured with sweat. flavouring (n.) c u thing added to food to give it flavor 调味料 eg: The orange drink contains no artificial flavourings. Th

27、e soup needs more flavouring. 9. chill chill (v.) -make or become cold 使寒冷, 变得寒冷 eg: Dont chill their enthusiasm. He was chilled to the bone.2 chill (n.)a) unpleasant feeling of coldness 寒意 eg: There is a chill in the air. Take the chill of the water. (warm it a little) (fig) The bad news cast a chi

28、ll over the people. b) illness caused by cold and damp eg: He caught a chill. (caught a cold) chilly (adj.)- cold eg: It is chilly today.10. fidget fidget (v.) (cause sb. to) move the body about restlessly; make nervous (使)坐立不安 eg: When the bell rings, the boys begin to fidget. Hurry up, your father

29、 is fidgeting. fidget about with. eg: Its bad manners to fidget about with the cutlery at the table. (用餐时摆弄刀叉是不礼貌的) fidget (n.) a) c person who fidgets 烦躁不安的人 eg: Youre such a fidget. b) the fidget - restless movements (坐立不安) eg: I always get the giddiest during long meetings. fidgety (adj.) - restl

30、ess eg: He is a fidgety child.11. tend 1 tend (v.) a) be inclined to do sth; have a direction 容易做某事; 倾向 tend to do sth. eg: People tend to get fat when they grow older. I tend to agree with you. Paraphrase 1) He is inclined to drive too fast.2) It is easy for my mother to get tired in the evening.3)

31、 You always make silly mistakes in your dictation.4) He always pitches the ball too high. tend to/towards sth. - take a certain direction 朝某方向 eg: His opinion tends to mine(fig) He tends towards extreme views. b) take care of or look after eg: The nurses tend the patients carefully. The shepherds tend their sheep. tendency (n.) - turning or inclination; a way