全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.

　　To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

　　Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

　　DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.

1.A:

grantB:

submitsC:

transmitsD:

delivers

2.A:

minorB:

objectiveC:

crucialD:

external

3.A:

issueB:

visionC:

pictureD:

moment

4.A:

ForexampleB:

OnaverageC:

InprincipleD:

Aboveall

5.A:

fondB:

fearfulC:

capableD:

thoughtless

6.A:

inB:

onC:

toD:

for

7.A:

ifB:

untilC:

thoughD:

unless

8.A:

promoteB:

emphasizeC:

shareD:

test

9.A:

decisionB:

qualityC:

statusD:

success

10.A:

chosenB:

stupidC:

foundD:

identified

11.A:

exceptionalB:

defensibleC:

replaceableD:

otherwise

12.A:

inspiredB:

expressedC:

conductedD:

secured

13.A:

assignedB:

ratedC:

matchedD:

arranged

14.A:

putB:

gotC:

gaveD:

took

15.A:

insteadB:

thenC:

everD:

rather

16.A:

selectedB:

passedC:

markedD:

introduced

17.A:

beforeB:

afterC:

aboveD:

below

18.A:

jumpB:

floatC:

dropD:

fluctuate

19.A:

achieveB:

undoC:

maintainD:

disregard

20.A:

promisingB:

possibleC:

necessaryD:

helpful

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

　　Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal——meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat——andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

　　Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.

　　Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear——about64itemsperperson——andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes——andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can’tbeknockedoff.

　　Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment——includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine——Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordtoit.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

A:

poorbargainingskill.

B:

insensitivitytofashion.

C:

obsessionwithhighfashion.

D:

lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

A:

combatunnecessarywaste.

B:

shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

C:

resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

D:

shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

A:

accusation.

B:

enthusiasm.

C:

indifference.

D:

tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

A:

Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B:

Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C:

Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D:

Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

A:

Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

B:

Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

C:

Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

D:

Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

　　Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

　　Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

　　OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

　　Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

　　AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

A:

easecompetitionamongthemselves

B:

lowertheiroperationalcosts

C:

avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

D:

providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

A:

onlineadvertisers

B:

e-commerceconductors

C:

digitalinformationanalysis

D:

internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

A:

manycutthenumberofjunkads

B:

failstoaffecttheadindustry

C:

willnotbenefitconsumers

D:

goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

A:

DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

B:

AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

C:

DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

D:

Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

A:

indulgence

B:

understanding

C:

appreciaction

D:

skepticism

　Text3

　　Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

　　Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.