1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.
2、 At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he
3、theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depe
4、nd on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into considerati
5、on. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of
6、 interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.A:
7、grant B:submits C:transmits D:delivers2.A:minor B:objective C:crucial D:external3.A:issue B:vision C:picture D:moment4.A:For example B:On average C:In principleD:Above all5.A:fond B:fearful C:capable D:thoughtless6.A:in B:on C:to D:for7.A:if B:until C:though D:unless8.A:promote B:emphasize C:share D
8、:test9.A:decision B:quality C:status D:success10.A:chosen B:stupid C:found D:identified11.A:exceptional B:defensible C:replaceable D:otherwise12.A:inspired B:expressed C:conducted D:secured13.A:assigned B:rated C:matched D:arranged14.A:put B:got C:gave D:took15.A:instead B:then C:ever D:rather16.A:s
9、elected B:passed C:marked D:introduced17.A:before B:after C:above D:below18.A:jump B:float C:drop D:fluctuate19.A:achieve B:undo C:maintain D:disregard20. A:promising B:possible C:necessary D:helpfulSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions aft
10、er each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains how the deep
11、 blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Ov
12、erdressed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, mo
13、re frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal meant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise thatand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these bran
14、ds have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in vo
15、lumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” C
16、line argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothesa
17、nd beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection LineCline bel
18、ieves lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for he
19、rA:poor bargaining skill.B:insensitivity to fashion.C:obsession with high fashion.D:lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers toA:combat unnecessary waste.B:shut out the feverish fashion world.C:resist the influence of advertisements.D:shop for their garments more
20、frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning toA:accusation.B:enthusiasm.C:indifference.D:tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A:Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B:The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C:P
21、eople are more interested in unaffordable garments.D:Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?A:Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B:Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C:Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D:Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An ol
22、d saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely
23、 to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission
24、 (FTC) proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Al
25、liance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does
26、not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.
27、 Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has com
28、pared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:A:ease c
29、ompetition among themselvesB:lower their operational costsC:avoid complaints from consumersD:provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:A:online advertisersB:e-commerce conductorsC:digital information analysisD:internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that set
30、ting DNT as a defaultA:many cut the number of junk adsB:fails to affect the ad industryC:will not benefit consumersD:goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A:DNT may not serve its intended purposeB:Advertisers are willing to implement DNTC:DNT is losing
31、its popularity among consumersD:Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A:indulgenceB:understandingC:appreciactionD:skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no
32、 means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
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