考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx

考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx

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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语一试题

Directions:

SectionIUseofEnglish

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.

①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.

①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”

①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.③Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!

①Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.

①Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.

1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when

2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised

3.[A]for

4.[A]separated

5.[A]tests

6.[A]insignificant

[B]with

[B]sought

[B]objects

[B]unexpected

[C]by

[C]compared

[C]samples

[C]unreliable

[D]on

[D]connected

[D]examples

[D]incredible

7.[A]visit

[B]miss

[C]know

[D]seek

8.[A]surpass

[B]influence

[C]favor

[D]resemble

9.[A]again

[B]also

[C]instead

[D]thus

10.[A]Meanwhile

[B]Furthermore

[C]Likewise

[D]Perhaps

11.[A]about

[B]to

[C]from

[D]like

12.[A]limit

[B]observe

[C]confuse

[D]drive

13.[A]accordingto

[B]ratherthan

[C]regardlessof

[D]alongwith

14.[A]chances

[B]responses

[C]benefits

[D]missions

15.[A]faster

[B]slower

[C]later

[D]earlier

16.[A]forecast

[B]remember

[C]express

[D]understand

17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory

[C]controllable

[D]disruptive

18.[A]tendency[B]decision

[C]arrangement

[D]endeavor

19.[A]political[B]religious

[C]ethnic

[D]economic

20.[A]see[B]show

[C]prove

[D]tell

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”

②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublic

opinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularity

asheadsofstate.②Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.③ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

①Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandother

economistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.

②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

①WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

Text2

①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

①Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthrougha

suspect’spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

①Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.

①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.

②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.

①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;they

mustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCour