考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx

1、考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题Directions:Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of

2、genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people

3、were used in both 5 . While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.” The study 9 found that the genes for smel

4、l were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is dicult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genet

5、ically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 ! One of the remarkable ndings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being

6、a major 17 factor. The findings do not simply explain peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same popu

7、lation.1.A what B why C how D when2.A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3.A for4.A separated5.A tests6.A insignicantB withB soughtB objectsB unexpectedC byC comparedC samplesC unreliableD onD connectedD examplesD incredible7. A visitB missC knowD seek8. A surpassB inuenceC favorD resemble9.

8、A againB alsoC insteadD thus10. A MeanwhileB FurthermoreC LikewiseD Perhaps11. A aboutB toC fromD like12. A limitB observeC confuseD drive13. A according toB rather thanC regardless ofD along with14. A chancesB responsesC benetsD missions15. A fasterB slowerC laterD earlier16. A forecastB rememberC

9、expressD understand17. A unpredictableB contributoryC controllableD disruptive18. A tendency B decisionC arrangementD endeavor19. A political B religiousC ethnicD economic20. A see B showC proveD tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the question

10、s below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1 King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him

11、 to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnicent uniforms and majestic lifestyles? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. Wh

12、en publicopinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularityas heads of state. And so, the Midd

13、le East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the dicult search for a non-controv

14、ersial but respected public gure. Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave todayembodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and othereco

15、nomists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and pr

16、incesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly dicult to maintain the right image. While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some

17、 time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example. It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty

18、 hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a serviceas non- controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enem

19、ies.21.According to the rst two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainAused to enjoy high public support. Bwas unpopular among European royals. Ceased his relationship with his rivals. Dended his reign in embarrassment.22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostlyAowing to their undoubted a

20、nd respectable status.Bto achieve a balance between tradition and reality. Cto give voters more public gures to look up to. Ddue to their everlasting political embodiment.23.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?AAristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth. BThe

21、role of the nobility in modern democracies. CThe simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families. DThe nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24.The British royals “have most to fear” because CharlesAtakes a tough line on political issues. Bfails to change his lifestyle as advised. Ctakes republicans

22、 as his potential allies. Dfails to adapt himself to his future role.25.Which of the following is the best title of the text? ACarlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined BCharles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne CCarlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs DCharles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText

23、2 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,

24、 particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it follo

25、wed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphonea vast storehouse o

26、f digital informationis similar to, say, going through asuspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone

27、may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping se

28、nsitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches. As so often is the case, stating that principle doesnt ease the challe

29、nge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone

30、data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom. But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications

31、 of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; theymust sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme Cour