主谓一致精讲及练习.docx
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主谓一致精讲及练习
主谓一致精讲课件
(一)谓语动词为单数的情况
1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。
TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家…)
(比较:
TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)
BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.
2.
1)Every…and(every)…
2)each…and(each…
3)no…and(no)…,
4)manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.
Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.
3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Eachofthestudentshasabook.
4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.
5.以s结尾的词,但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。
6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。
Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.
7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。
8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.
Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.
9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。
(二)谓语动词为复数的情况
1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.
2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。
Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.
3.goods,stairs,arms等名词作主语。
4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。
TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.
5.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。
(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。
强调整体用单数,指个个成员用复数。
Hisfamilyisagreatone.
Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.
2.means,works,pains等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。
Thesteelworksisnearthestation.
Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.
3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语,以这些名词本身的单复数而定。
4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。
Allarepresent.
Allthefoodtastesgood.
5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:
谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。
就近原则
由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。
NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.
Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.
with,alongwith,togetherwith,including,but,except,like,among,aswellas,nomorethan,besides,ratherthan+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.
集合名词作主语,谓语的数如何确定?
1.Hisfamily_______asmallone.
2.Hisfamily_______fatandshort.
A.is,isB.are,are
C.is,areD.are,is
此题应选C。
family是一个集合名词,具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。
类似这种用法的词主要的有:
team(队,队员),class(班,班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会,委员们),audience(听众)等:
Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit.
这个班45个学生,由格林先生教。
Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.
这个班的学生都很用功,由格林先生教。
Itwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.
时间很迟了,但听众人数却在增加。
Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.
听众都感动得流了泪。
但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法:
1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):
clothing衣服,poetry诗歌,baggage/luggage行李,furniture家俱,machinery机械,scenery景色,jewellery珠宝等。
2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式):
people人,police警察,cattle牲口等。
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople.
A.isB.are
C.isbeingD.arebeing
此题应选B。
这里应注意的是:
我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致),本题意为:
我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
注意以下类似例子:
ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim.
Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy.
ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks.
Thecountry'sleadingexportiswatches.
Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies.
但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能,它的谓语到底用单数还是复数,要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数),例如:
Whoisyourbrother?
谁是你的兄弟?
Whoareyourbrothers?
哪些是你的兄弟?
Whathesaidisquitecorrect.他所说的完全正确。
Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks.他给我留下的只是几本旧书。
并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?
1.Youorhe_______toblame.你或他有一人要受责备。
2._______youorhetoblame?
受责备的是你还是他?
A.is,IsB.are,Are
C.is,AreD.are,Is
在通常情况下,两个并列主语由or,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly…but(also)等连接时,其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致,但是,在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致。
1.Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity.
A.isB.are
C.amD.be
2.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.
A.isB.are
C.amD.be
下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致?
Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.
A.isofferedB.hasoffered
C.areofferedD.haveoffered
用连词and连接的两个并列主语,其谓语要用复数,但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan等连接的另一个名词,其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。
1.NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday.
A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen
2.Awomanwithsomechildren____soon.
A.iscomingB.arecoming
C.hascomeD.havecome
3.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingabout
this。
A.knowB.knows
C.isknownD.areknown
4.Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready.
A.hasreadB.haveread
C.arereadingD.isreading
5.Allbutone____intheaccident.
A.waskilledB.werekilled
C.willbekilledD.arekilled
课堂练习
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was
2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.
A.hasB.haveC.areD.was
4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.
A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers'officeafterclass.
A.amB.isC.areD.will
6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.
A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen
7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.
A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have
8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.
A.are B.is C.were D.have
9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
10.MrSmith,togetherwithhischildren,____arrived.
A.areB.has C.is D.have
11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.
A.is…is B.am…is C.is…am D.am…am
12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.
A.are B.were C.be D.is
13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.
A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecided C.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided
14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy,therest______.
A.aredifficult B.hasproveddifficult
C.issupposeddifficult D.havebeenfounddifficult
15.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
16.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
17.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.
A.are B.aregoingtobe C.is D.istobe
18.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.
A.have B.has C.thereis D.thereare
19.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.
A.have B.has C.thereis D.thereare
20.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.
A.standB.standsC.standingD.are
21.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.
A.is B.are C.havebeen D.hadbeen
22.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.
A.know B.knows C.isknowing D.haveknown
23.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.
A.are B.is C.have D.has
24.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.
A.are B.is C.have D.has
25.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost,
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
26.His"SelectedPoems"_____firstpublishedin1965.
A.were B.was C.hasbeen D.are
27.MissSmithisafriendof______.
A.Mary'smother's B.Mary'smother C.Mother'sofMary D.Marymother's
28.Agooddealofmoney____spentonbooks.
A.have B.has C.havebeen D.hasbeen
29.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.
A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging
30._____turngreeninspring.
A.Leaf B.Leafs C.Leave D.Leaves
31.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.
A.anadvice B.advice C.advices D.theadvices
32.Allbutone____herejustnow.
A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.were
33.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were
34.Theairinbigcities_____verydirtybyfactories.
A.areoftenmade B.isoftenmade C.haveoftenmade D.hasoftenmade
35.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.
A.allows B.allow C.isallowed D.areallowed
36.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.
A.are B.is C.hasbeenD.arebeing
37.____canbedone_____beendone.
A.All;have B.Allthat;have C.All;has D.Allthat;has
38.Johnhastwobrothers,buteither____outofworknow.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
39.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingfor B.weresearchingfor C.aresearchingfor D.weresearching
40.Applesofthiskind____.
A.tastesgood B.tasteswell C.tastegood D.tastewell
41.Yourtrousers____dirty,youmusthave_____washed.
A.is;it B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them
42.Where____rubbish,thereareflies.
A.thereare B.thereis C.is D.therehas
43.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.
A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five
44.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.
A.have B.has C.is D.are
45.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____elected.
A.are B.have C.has D.is
46.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.
A.hasfinished B.hasbeenfinished C.havefinished D.havebeenfinished
47.Thosewho____in____compositions,pleasehandtheminthi