高中英语 人教版 必修第一册unit4 Natural Disasters 知识点+练习含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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weredamaged;
weredamaged/hadbeendamaged;
done
3.
destroyvt.摧毁;
毁灭;
消灭;
破灭
____________n.[U]摧毁;
____________adj.造成破坏的;
毁灭性的
destroyone’s____________/____________/___________摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰
destruction;
destructive;
confidence;
hope;
faith
易混词:
destroy,damage与ruin
destroyv.指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏,以至于不能或难以修复。
damage可用作动词或名词,指一定程度的损坏或损失,部分是可以修复的。
作名词表示抽象的“损害;
破坏”时,为不可数名词。
ruin可以作动词也可以作名词,指彻底的毁坏,破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等,多用于比喻用法中;
它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏”。
作名词时常构成短语:
fallintoruin/lieinruins“严重破损;
破损不堪”
1)Thewholevillage___________(destroy)inthesuddenflood,leavingnothingtothenativepeople.
2)Thousandsofhouses___________(damage)bythestorm,andtherepairworkwouldlasthalfamonth.
3)Mynewwhitedresswastotally_________(ruin)bythedirtywater.
4)Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeenbroughtaboutbythe_________(destroy)oftherainforests.
wasdestroyed;
ruined
4.
affectv.影响;
(疾病)侵袭;
深深打动;
使感动;
使悲伤(或怜悯);
使(某人)深有感触
____________n.喜爱;
钟爱
_____________n.影响
haveanaffection______喜爱......
haveaneffect______对......产生影响
affection;
effect;
for;
on
1)Alcoholhasaverybad__________ondrivers.
2)Theirobjectionwillnot_________mydecision.
3)Cancer_________hislungsandbroughthislifetoanend.
effect;
affect;
affected
5.
sheltern.避难处;
居所;
庇护vt.保护;
掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
_____________adj.备受呵护的;
免遭恶劣天气影响的
________shelter________ 躲避……
_______/_________shelter_______寻找地方躲避……
________sb.shelter庇护某人
_________theshelterofsth.在......的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下
sheltersb./sth.________...保护某人/某物以避免……
shelter__________sth.躲避某物
sheltered;
under;
of;
lookfor/seekfrom;
give;
1)Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids________everykindofdanger.
2)Sheusedanumbrellatotakeshelter________theburningsun.
3)Wesatintheshade,_________(shelter)fromthesun.
4)Mymother,whohada__________(shelter)upbringing(抚育),hasfantasticmemoriesofchildhood.
5)Hemanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoshelterhim________badweather.
from;
sheltering;
sheltered;
6.ruinn.[C]废墟(pl.ruins)[U]破坏;
毁坏;
破产
v.毁掉;
使破产
_____/____________ruins严重受损;
破败不堪
ruinone'
shope使某人的希望破灭
shealth损害某人的健康
ruinoneself自我毁灭
lie/be;
in
1)Yesterdayaheavyrain___________(ruin)ourpicnic.
2)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodin________.
3)Atthattimemywife________(ruin)herhealththroughworry.
ruined;
ruins;
wasruining
7.inshock吃惊
shockvt.(使)震惊;
(使)气愤;
愤慨n.[U]休克;
震惊[C]令人震惊的事;
点击
____________adj.吃惊的;
震惊的
____________adj.令人气愤的;
令人震惊的
形容词短语:
beshocked_____/______对……吃惊
beshockedthat对……感到震惊
beshocked_________sth.做某事很吃惊
shocked;
shocking;
at;
by;
todo
用shock的适当形式填空
1)They___________byherrudenessatyesterday’sparty.
2)The_______news___________everyoneofusatthatmoment.
3)Allthepeoplepresentfelt___________atthe_________accident.
wereshocked;
shocked;
shocking
8.thenumberof……的数目
anumberof
很多;
许多
在number之前可加large,small,great,good等表示程度的词;
只修饰可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
thenumberof
……的数目
修饰可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式
1)对比填空(anumberof,thenumberof)
①_________________________studentswereabsentfromthemeeting.
②Asaconsequence,__________________polarbearsisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.
2)用所给动词的适当形式填空
③Thenumberofundergraduates_______________(increase)overtheyears.
④Agoodnumberofbooksinthemarket______(be)stillexaminationoriented.
Anumberof;
thenumberof;
hasincreased;
are
9.trapvt.(trapped;
trapped)使落入险境;
使陷入圈套n.圈套;
困境;
(捕捉动物的)夹子,罗网,陷阱
be/gettrapped______/_______ 困在……中;
陷在……中
trapsb._______(doing)sth.诱使某人做某事
_______atrapfor给……设圈套
______________atrap落入圈套/陷阱
in;
on;
into;
set;
fallinto
1)Becauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheearthiswarmedbygases______(trap)intheatmosphere.
2)Theseincidentsledsomescientiststodevelopwaystokeepthecostlyrobotsfrom__________(trap)inthesand.
trapped;
beingtrapped
9.
buryvt.埋葬;
安葬;
掩埋;
隐藏
___________n.埋葬;
葬礼
bury...______/_______... 把……埋藏在……
beburied_____埋头于;
专心于
buryoneself_____埋头于;
专心致志于;
隐居在
buryone'
sface/headinhands_________________
burial;
in;
双手抱头;
掩面
1)He__________(bury)himselfinthecountrytowriteabooklastyear.
2)Ourdogoften_________(bury)itsbonesinthegarden.
3)Oncethehouse__________(bury)undertenfeetofsnow.
4)Hewalkedslowly,hishands________(bury)inhispockets.
5)Herheadwasburied_______thebookwhileshewasreading.
6)Intheeveningsheburied__________(he)inhisbooks.
buried;
buries;
wasburied;
buried;
himself
10.
breathevi.&
vt.呼吸
____________n.呼吸;
气息
____________adj.气喘吁吁的
____________adv.气喘吁吁地
____________adj.令人惊叹的;
惊人的
breathe_____/______吸气/呼气
_______one’sbreath恢复正常呼吸
_______one’sbreath屏住呼吸
be__________breath喘不过气来
takeone’sbreathaway_______________
abreathofair/wind_______________
breath;
breathless;
breathlessly;
breathtaking;
out;
catch;
hold;
outof;
令某人惊叹;
一丝微风
1)Thereisn’ta____________(breathe)ofwindtoday.
2)Itisgood_____________(breathe)infreshairinsteadofcitysmoke.
3)Hewas__________(breathe)heavilyafterchasingthebus.
4)Heavysmokingmakeshim___________(breath).
5)Thenewmanagerhas___________(breathe)freshlifeintothecompany.
6)Hehasgreatdifficultyincatching_________(he)breath.
7)Shewasoutof__________(breathe)fromclimbingthestairs.
8)Thedoctortoldmetobreathe_________andthenbreatheoutslowly.
tobreathe;
breathing;
breathed;
his;
breath;
11.effortn.努力;
艰难的尝试;
尽力
makeefforts努力;
makeefforts/anefforttodosth.(尽一切)努力做某事
12.
suffervt.遭受;
蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦;
遭受;
变差
______________n.[C]受难者;
患者
______________n.[C,U](身体/精神上的)痛苦(作可数名词时常用复数)
经受痛苦:
___________________遭受失败:
_________________
蒙受巨大损失:
________________________
心脏病发作:
__________________________
suffer______遭受;
患......病;
因......而痛苦
sufferer;
suffering;
sufferpain;
sufferadefeat;
sufferhugelosses;
sufferaheartattack;
1)Thewarhascausedterrible___________tothelocalpeople.
2)Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromfellow___________.
3)Shortlyafter_________fromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.
4)Youhavenofeelingforthe__________ofothers.
5)He_________headinjuriesinaroadaccident.
suffering;
sufferers;
sufferings;
suffered
长难句
1.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!
asif的用法
意为“仿佛;
好像”,与asthough同义,可以引导表语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句。
1)asif/asthough引导表语从句,主语中的系动词常用look,appear,seem,sound等。
Itsoundsasif/asthoughyouhadagoodtime.
2)asif/asthough引导方式状语从句
Irememberedthewholethingasif/asthoughithappenedyesterday.
3)asif还可引导状语从句。
当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时,从句谓语常用虚拟语气,结构如下:
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词用would/could/mightdo
1)Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheyneverexisted.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们不存在似的。
2)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?
打破窗户的是约翰。
为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的?
3)Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.
他张开嘴好像要说些什么。
①HetreatsmeasifI_________(be)hisowndaughter.
②Theytalkedasif/thoughthey______________(be)friendsforyears.
③Itseemsasif_____________________________________________.
噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。
were;
hadbeen;
thenoisecamefromupstairs.
2.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.
“主语+系动词+表语+todo”结构
在此结构中,表语一般为性质形容词,常见的性质形容词有easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,light,pleasant,good,nice,comfortable,dangerous,impossible等。
此句型可转换成“It+be+adj.+动词不定式”的结构。
注意:
1)在该结构中,当动词不定式或句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式表示被动意义。
Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.=Itisnoteasytogetalongwithhim.
Thebookisveryinterestingtoread.=Itisveryinterestingtoreadthebook.
2)当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要在其后加上适当的介词。
Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositon.
=Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositonthechair.
1)Thismachineisveryeasy___________(operate).Anyonecanlearntouseitinafewminutes.
2)ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable___________(hold).
3)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood___________(breather).
4)Thenoiseoutsideishardtoputup____________.
5)___________isunfittodrinkthewaterinthiswell.
tooperate;
tohold;
with;
It
3.Soo