英语选修6课文readingWord格式.docx

英语选修6课文readingWord格式.docx

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TheRenaissance（15thto16thcentury）

DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallvreplaced

thoseheldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelesson

religiousthemesandadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.Atthesame

timepaintersreturnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart.They

triedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.Richpeoplewanted

topossesstheirownpaintings,sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperb

palacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesof

themselves,theirhousesandpossessionsaswellastheiractivitiesand

achievements.

Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashow

todrawthingsinperspective.ThistechniquewasfirstusedbyMasaccio

in1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthat

theywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftheroles

ofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenableto

paintsuchrealisticpictures.Bycoincidence,oilpaintswerealso

developedatthistime,whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslook

richeranddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewould

notbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodis

famous.

Impressionism（late19thtoearly20thcentury）

Inthelate19thcentury,Europechangedagreatdeal.fromamostly

agriculturalsocietytoamostlyindustrialone.Manypeoplemovedfrom

thecountrysidetothenewcities.Thereweremanynewinventionsand

socialchanges.Naturally,thesechangesalsoledtonewpaintingstyles.

Amongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpainting

weretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedinParis.

TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoors.They

wereeagertoshowhowlightandshadowfellonobjectsatdifferenttimes

ofday.However,becausenaturallightchangessoquickly,the

Impressionistshadtopaintquickly.Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailed

asthoseofearlierpainters.Atfirst,manypeopledislikedthisstyle

ofpaintingandbecameveryangraboutit.Theysaidthatthepainters

werecarelessandtheirpaintingswereridiculous.

ModernArt（20thcenturytotoday）

Atthetimetheywerecreated,theImpressionistpaintingswere

controversial,buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwe

callmodemart.ThisisbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartists

tolookattheirenvironmentinnewways.Therearescoresofmodernart

styles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstyles

mightnotexist.Ontheonehand,somemodemartisabstract;

thatis,

thepainterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes,

butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject,usingcolour,

lineandshapetorepresentthem.Ontheotherhand,somepaintingsof

modernartaresorealisticthattheylooklikephotographs.Thesestyles

aresodifferent.Whocanpredictwhatpaintingstylestherewillbein

thefuture?

THEBESTOFMANHATTAN'

SARTGALLERIES

TheFrickCollection（5thAvenueandE.70thStreet）

Manyartloverswouldrathervisitthissmallartgallerythan

anyotherinNewYork.HenryClayFrick,arichNewYorker,diedin1919,

leavinghishouse,furnitureandartcollectiontotheAmericanpeople.

Frickhadapreferenceforpre-twentiethcenturyWesternpaintings,and

thesearewell-representedinthisexcellentcollection.Youcanalso

exploreFrick'

sbeautifulhomeandgardenwhicharewellworthaVisit.

GuggenheimMuseum（5thAvenueand88thStreet）

Thismuseumowns5,000superbmodernpaintings,sculpturesand

drawings.Theseartworksarenotalldisplayedatthesametime.The

exhibitionisalwayschanging.Itwillappealtothosewholove

ImpressionistandPost-Impressionistpaintings.TheGuggenheimMuseum

buildingisalsoworld-famous.Whenyouwalkintogallery,youfeelas

ifyou

wereinsideafragile,whiteseashell.Thebestwaytoseethepaintings

istostartfromthetopfloorandwalkdowntothebottom.Thereareno

stairsjustacircularpath.Themuseumalsohasanexcellentrestaurant.

MetropolitanMuseumofArt（5thAvenueand82ndStreet）

Thereputationofthismuseumliesinthevarietyofitsart

collection.Thiscoversmorethan5,000yearsofcivilizationfrommany

partsoftheworld,includingAmerica,Europe,China,Egypt,otherAfrican

countriesandSouthAmerica.Themuseumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisual

delightsofart.Itintroducesyoutoancientwaysofliving.Youcanvisit

anEgyptiantemple,afragrantMinggarden,atypicalroominan18th

centuryFrenchhouseandmanyotherspecialexhibitions.

MuseumofModernArt（53rdStreet,between5thand6thAvenues）

Itisamazingthatsomanygreatworksofartfromthelate19th

centurytothe21stcenturyarehousedinthesamemuseum.Thecollection

ofWesternartincludespaintingsbysuchfamousartistsasMonet,Van

Gogh,PicassoandMatisse.Afewwordsofwarning:

theadmissionprice

isnotcheapandthemuseumisoftenverycrowded.

WhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt（945MadisonAvenue,near75thStreet）

TheWhitneyholdsanexcellentcollectionofcontemporary

Americanpaintingandsculpture.Therearenopermanentdisplaysinthis

museumandexhibitionschangeallthetime.Everytwoyears,theWhitney

holdsaspecialexhibitionofnewartbylivingartists.Themuseumalso

showsvideosandfilmsbycontemporaryvideoartists.

选修6Unit2Poems-Reading

AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMS

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstell

astoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrong

impression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemany

differentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Inthistext,however,

wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.

SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglishisnursery

rhymes.Theserhymesliketheoneontheright（A）arestillacommontype

ofchildren'

spoetry.Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative,andthey

delightsmallchildrenbecausetheyrhyme,havestrongrhythmandalot

ofrepetition.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,

buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnursery

rhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.

AHush,littlebaby,don'

tsayaword,Papa'

sgoingtobuyyoua

mockingbird.Ifthatmockingbirdwon'

tsing,Papa'

diamondring.Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,Papa'

sgoingtobuy

youalooking-glass.Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa'

sgoingto

buyyouabilly-goat.Ifthatbilly-goatrunsaway,Papa'

youanothertoday.

OneofthesimplestkindsofpoemsarethoselikeBandCthat

listthings.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases

whichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme（likeB）

whileothersdonot（likeC）.

BIsawafish-portalallonfire

Isawafish-pondallonfire,

Isawahousebowtoasquire,

Isawapersontwelve-feethigh,

Isawacottageinthesky,

Isawaballoonmadeoflead,

Isawacoffindropdowndead,

Isawtwosparrowsrunarace,

Isawtwohorsesmakinglace,

Isawggirljustlikeacat,

Isawakittenwearahat,

Isawamanwhosawthesetoo,

Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.

COurfirstfootballmatch

Wewouldhavewon...

ifJackhadscoredthatgoal,

ifwe'

dhadjustafewmoreminutes,

ifwehadtrainedharder,

ifBenhadpassedtheballtoJoe,

dhadthousandsoffansscreaming,

ifIhadn'

ttakenmyeyeofftheball,

ifwehadn'

tstayedupsolatethenightbefore,

ttakeniteasy,

trunoutofenergy.

dbeenbetter!

Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthe

cinquain,apoemmadeupoffivelines.Withthese,studentscanconvey

astrongpictureinjustafewwords.Lookattheexamples（DandE）on

thetopofthenextpage.

DBrotherBeautiful,athleticTeasing,shouting,laughingFriendand

enemytooMine

ESummerSleepy,saltyDrying,drooping,dreadingWeekin,weekout

Endless

FAfallenblossomIscomingbacktothebranch.Look,abutterfly!

（byMoritake）

GSnowhavingmelted,ThewholevillageisbrimfulOfhappychildren.

（byIssa）

HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatismadeupof17syllables.

ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwith

Englishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangive

aclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingtheminimum